唐代《國秀集》詩律探微－以詩選、詩格交互印證

《國秀集》是由唐代國子生芮挺章所編選的唐詩選本，此編由秘書省和國子監的長官指示編集，再由國子監生員完成，說明此選與盛唐時期的教育制度及進士科考具有直接的關係。據書前樓穎序言，此書所錄詩作「自開元以來，維天寶三載」，是一部以盛唐詩作為主的選集，並聲稱「可被管弦者都為一集」，顯示出此選對於詩歌聲律的高度要求，故是探討盛唐詩律形式極為珍貴的當代佐證。本文立基於重構唐代詩律發展的問題意識，嘗試以早期詩格文獻所理統出的詩律規範，對《國秀集》所收兩百多首詩作進行全盤的類型分析。所得結果充分證明，盛唐詩作所採行的調聲法則與早期文獻所記高度吻合；此時「二四（六）黏對」雖已成為主導規範，詩人仍保有相當程度的調節空間與多元化的選擇；因此，在古體與律體之外，五言還存在一種呼應元兢調聲術，可名之為「拈二體」的聲律形式；七言則有聯間失黏的「折腰體」。《國秀集》作為盛唐著重於聲律的選本，充分反映出盛唐時期嚴整卻不失自由與創意的詩律觀。

關鍵字

國秀集；盛唐；詩選；詩律；詩格

並列摘要

Imperial college student Rui Ting Zhang compiled Guo Xiu Ji by order of the palace library and the imperial college's officials and subsequently completed by students. It explains the correlation between the selection and the educational and imperial examination system of High Tang. According to Lo Ying's preface, this poetry selection focused primarily on the opening of Kaiyuan (713 AD) to the third year of Tianbao (744 AD). Moreover, it also claims to compile into a collection works that the play of music can accompany. It indicates the highly selective selection criteria in terms of poetic rhythm, which constitutes a precious collection for the contemporary analysis of the form of metrical patterns from the High Tang. This paper draws upon the regulation of metrical patterns compiled in early ＂Shi Ge＂ literature to conduct a typological analysis of the over two hundred poems in Guo Xiu Ji. The results obtained fully demonstrate that rules regulating the Nian Dui between the second and the fourth (and the sixth) characters had already become the guiding principle; poets still retained, to some degree, the optional flexibility for poetic adjustment and diversity. As a selection with an emphasis on poetic rhythm, Gui Xiu Ji embodied the concept of metrical patterns in High Tang, which was rigorous but not without freedom of expression and creativity.