諮商師在婚姻諮商情境中問題概念化的性別偏見

Counselors' Gender Bias in Conceptualizing Marital Problems

郭麗安(Li-An Kuo)

《中華輔導學報》 10期 (2001/09) Pp. 1-39

https://doi.org/10.7082/CARGC.200109.0001

摘要

本研究旨在探討諮商師在婚姻諮商情境中問題概念化的性別偏見，根據58名諮商師觀賞婚姻諮商實況錄影帶後所填答之問題概念化問卷，說明諮商師的性別偏見情形，並比較不同訓練層級、性別、與婚姻狀況的諮商師問的差異。
研究結果發現，諮商師在概念化夫妻問題時，與性別偏見有關的七個主題類別出現次數的多寡，依次為「中立」、「偏袒妻子」、「偏袒丈夫」、「反對丈夫」、「社會文化意識」、「性別意識」、與「反對妻子」。整體而言，新手與專家層級諮商師在使用偏袒／反對當事人夫妻四個類別的次數上無顯著差異，但在使用「性別意識」、「社會文化意識」與「中立」等類別的次數上，專家層級諮商師則顯著比新手多。
就相關分析姿現，「工作年資」與「性別意識」、「社會文化意識」、「中立」呈顯著正相關；而「性別意識」、「社會文化意識」與「反對丈夫」相互問亦呈顯著正相關。此外，不同性別的詻商師在使用七個類別的次數上無顯著差異；已婚諮商師較未婚諮商師使用較多的「中立」類別，而未婚諮商師在「偏袒妻子」、「反對妻子」及「偏袒丈夫」的類別上，使用的次數較已婚諮商師多。
本研究除整理及討論研究發現外，並對未來諮商實務及教學提出建議。

關鍵字

性別偏見 ； 問題概念化 ； 婚姻諮商 ； 諮商師

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore counselors gender bias in conceptualizing marital problems. The participants included 29 experienced and 29 novice counselors. 58 participants were asked to view the first 20 minutes of interview conducted by the researcher, and their responses on free-response dependent measure were examined for possible gender bias. Through content analysis, there were seven categories emerging regarding the theme of gender bias: neutrality, for wife, for husband, against wife, against husband, gender concepts, and social-culture concepts.
The main findings were that both experienced and novice counselors tended to be neutral to the couple. However, there was a lack of usage of social-culture and gender concepts. This was particularly true of the novice counselors.
The correlation analysis showed that counselors working experience was positively correlated with gender concepts, social-culture concepts, and neutrality. Gender concepts, social-culture concepts were negatively correlated with against husband. Married counselors were more neutral than unmarried counselors. Unmarried counselors were more likely to be for wife, against wife, and for husband than married counselors. There were no differences regarding the frequency of seven categories used by male and female counselors.
The results of qualitative analysis of participant critiques revealed subtle forms of gender bias. Implications for clinical training, curriculum development, and future research were discussed.

並列關鍵字

counselor ； couple therapy ； conceptualization ； gender bias

參考文獻

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