生命實踐與自我認同：以服務工作及售貨從業青年生涯適應行為為焦點的探究

本研究的主要目的在於探索生涯適應行為在生命實踐與自我認同上的意義本質。研究者採取「現象學方法」，同時以「生命歷程取向」作為分析的架構，探討基層從業青年的生涯適應行為。首先針對目標對象進行焦點團體訪談。其次，依據「分層判斷取樣」自職業標準分類系統第五大類－「服務工作人員及售貨員」中抽取九種職業類別並邀訪各類從業成員進行「半結構式非標準化訪談」。兩階段參與對象合計14人。跨歷程分析發現，研究對象從探索期的生涯不確定或無定向感，通過生命歷程的多重轉換尋求獨立自主，其中「出脫意識」扮演關鍵性的動力。華人文化社會的脈絡下觀察到鮮明的「搏拼與韌性」生涯行為；「吃苦與本分」的工作倫理；人情與人和的服務內涵；回饋與互動的成就認同；家庭中心以及幸福人生的生命實踐型態。研究對象的生命認同多處可見「有情」的本質，他們的生命圖像是力行與自我依賴。因此，本文將「自立」、「有情」、與「人生幸福」並列，歸納為華人部分群體－服務工作人員與售貨員的生命認同主軸。華人職業選擇與生涯發展超越「個人中心」式的自我選擇，更多倚賴「情境中心」人際互動。個人如何在依存關係平衡自我認同需求，應是生涯諮商需要細緻處理的課題。

關鍵字

生命實踐；自我認同；生涯適應行為；生涯諮商；本土心理學

並列摘要

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the core concept and meaning of career adaptive behaviors in the light of life praxis and self identity. A phenomenological method was employed to explore grassroots employed young people based on the analysis framework of life course orientation. A focus group interview was conducted followed by in-depth interviews with the targeted participants-a total of fourteen service workers and salespersons. Cross-stage analysis found that the participants attempted to achieve independence from career indecision or lack of direction of the exploration stage, through multiple alterations of life courses, during which the ”coming out” ideation had a propelling dynamic. From the aspect of Chinese socio-cultural context, the authors observed vivid ”exertion and resiliency” career behaviors, ”hardworking and dutiful” work ethics, ”interpersonal-minded and harmonious” service contents, ”feedback and reciprocal” success identification, and ”family-centered and life happiness” life praxis. The life pictures of the grassroots participants were action and independence. Thus, the present study placed self-reliance, affectionateness, and life happiness jointly as the life identification axis of the significant partial group of Chinese-service workers and salespersons. Their occupation selection and career exceeded person-centered self selection and leaned more toward to situation-centered interpersonal considerations. The issue of balancing various needs for self identity of a client in the attachment context should be more thoroughly researched in career counseling.