雙生涯女性優勢中心生涯適應諮商模式之建構與驗證

The Construction and Validation of a Strength-centered Career Adjustment Model for Counseling Dual-career Women

王玉珍(Yu-Chen Wang)

指導教授 ： 田秀蘭教授

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/博士(2008年)

摘要

本研究目的在建構雙生涯女性優勢中心生涯適應諮商模式，並驗證其效果。研究一為建構模式。研究參與者為10名雙生涯女性，年齡介於28至47歲(平均年齡為38.8歲)。研究者擔任諮商心理師角色，對參與者進行6到8次的短期諮商。諮商歷程所得之逐字稿資料，以發現取向質性方法進行分析，結果建構出包含四大巨集與十大段落的生涯適應諮商模式，並形成組型結構與諮商流程圖。
研究二採混合研究中的多重檢證方法，驗證並探究本模式的諮商效果。量化研究目的在探討本諮商模式對生活滿意的影響效果。共招募28名研究參與者，年齡介於28到47歲之間，平均年齡為35.5歲。研究採等組前後測控制組實驗設計，自變項為實驗處理，依變項為生活滿意。參與者隨機分派到實驗組與控制組，實驗組實施本研究所建構出的雙生涯女性優勢中心生涯適應模式諮商，控制組實施雙生涯家庭角色信念量表。實驗處理前後兩組均實施「家庭及工作滿意與平衡量表」。資料處理採單因子共變數分析，以SPSS統計套裝軟體進行資料處理與分析。研究結果顯示本諮商模式對於提升生活滿意內涵中的追求自我成長與照顧、快樂感受二部份具有效果，工作滿意部分的效果則不顯著。另採質性研究探究參與者諮商的主觀經驗，以了解本模式的諮商歷程與療效內涵。14名參與者於諮商後進行追蹤訪談，所得資料以紮根方法進行分析。結果歸納出影響諮商歷程的因素為個人的內在準備、諮商介入、外在事件影響以及療效內涵等四部份，其中療效內涵可分為自我內在系統的認知、情感與行動層面、外在脈絡系統的人我關係與工作層面以及統轄系統的因應策略與自我效能層面。據此結果提出一諮商歷程與療效內涵的改變機制模式。本研究根據上述之研究結果進行討論，並提出針對未來研究以及實務工作等相關具體建議。

關鍵字

生涯適應 ； 生涯諮商 ； 任務分析 ； 混合研究 ； 雙生涯女性 ； 優勢中心取向

並列摘要

The purpose of the study was to construct a strength-centered career adjustment model for counseling dual-career women and to validate its effects. For which purpose, two studies are conducted. Study one aimed to construct a counseling model, and study two purposed to validate the model. Study one adopted task analysis approach, in which 10 participants received 6-8 counseling sessions. Participants of this study included 10 dual-career women, aged between 28 to 47 years old (M= 38.8). Materials obtained from the two measurements were analyzed and compared by the qualitative method of discovery–oriented psychotherapy research. Based on the analyses, a model containing four theme categories and ten themes were constructed. The strength-centered counseling protocol for dual career females was then proposed.
In study two, the triangulation design in mixed methods research was adopted to investigate the effectiveness of the strength-centered counseling model. In terms of quantitative research, the main objective was to explore the impacts of the counseling model on life satisfaction. Participants of this study included 28 dual-career women, aged between 28 to 47 years old (M= 35.5, SD=4.33). In this study, the equivalent pretest-posttest control group design was applied. The experimental treatment, that is, the intervention, was independent variable, and life satisfaction was the dependent variable. Twenty-eight participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Participants in the experimental group received the strength-centered career adjustment model constructed in this research, while the participants in control group were asked to complete the “Inventory for Family Roles Beliefs”. Prior the experimental treatment, participants in both groups all completed the “Inventory for Work/Family Satisfaction and Balance”, and the data obtained from which are analyzed by single factor design ANCOVA with SPSS software. Results indicated that the counseling model was effective in promoting life satisfaction in terms of self growth initiative and sense of happiness. In terms of work satisfaction, however, was validated. On the other hand, qualitative research method was applied to further investigate the subjective experiences of the 14 participants in the experimental group to understand the counseling processes and content of therapeutic agents of this model. Participants were interviewed after receiving counseling, and materials obtained from the interviews were analyzed by grounded theory methodology. The results indicated four aspects that influence counseling processes: internal readiness of individual, counseling intervention, influences from external events, and therapeutic agents. Among which, therapeutic factors can be further categorized to the level of cognition, emotion and behavior of individual’s internal self system; self/other relation and career of external contextual system; and the level of coping strategies and self-efficacy of coordinate system. According to the outcomes, a model of change mechanism on counseling processes and therapeutic agents were then provided. Finally, findings in this research were discussed and implications and recommendations for practice and future study were also provided.

並列關鍵字

career counseling ； dual-career women ； life adjustment ； mixed methods research ； strength-centered counseling ； task analysis

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