正向心理取向家長諮詢之賦能動力模式

The Empowerment Dynamic Model of Parent Consultation with the Perspective of Positive Psychology

韓佩凌(PAY-LING HARN)

指導教授 ： 鄔佩麗

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/博士(2012年)

摘要

本研究主旨在以正向心理觀點來發展一個本土性之家長諮詢模式，進而探討求詢者在諮詢歷程中的賦能發展與轉換脈絡，且進行此賦能模式之文化意涵闡釋。
研究一先由研究者發展正向心理取向之家長諮詢模式工作架構，涵蓋關係、覺察、重構與統整四個諮詢階段。在求詢者賦能模式建立部分，研究者蒐集四位女性家長在諮詢歷程中逐字稿與追蹤訪談逐字稿、追蹤問卷之文本等三種資料，以樣版分析（template analysis）進行資料分析，用以修正以Gibson（1995）所建構之家長賦能概念模式所發展初始樣版，在賦予文化與行動之意涵之後，而發展出「探本溯源」、「否極生泰」、「念轉心悟」、「應手從心」、「優勢薈萃」與「轉危為安」六個賦能主題。
研究二在於藉由探討諮詢師在諮詢歷程中所運用之諮詢策略之整體組型與階段性運用方式，來瞭解諮詢師策略之介入對於求詢者賦能發展的可能影響，用以呈現賦能轉換的行動脈絡。研究者將採用相同的研究對象，且同時間蒐集諮詢師於諮詢歷程中逐字稿為分析資料，採量化內容分析來進行後續諮詢策略之分析。研究者制訂「場面架構」、「脈絡蒐集」、「資源提供」、「氛圍滋養」、「希望注入」、「情緒轉化」、「優勢再造」、「覺察深化」、「親職增能」、「復原建構」等十項諮詢策略，依此作為諮詢策略之編碼，並進行諮詢師之諮詢策略之分析。
本研究之研究結果為：（1）諮詢架構乃以關係開啟，以強化困境與優勢之覺察為中介，經由認知轉換之內省機制，來促成求詢者之自主發展。（2）諮詢模式內涵乃以「覺察深化」與「親職增能」為核心，輔以「氛圍滋養」為正向環境促發因子。（3）賦能轉換乃以「探本溯源」與「否極生泰」為主軸，進而形成本質探索與苦樂轉換之動能。（4）賦能結果乃以關係滋養之延展性來建立親職幸福感，而以認知之轉換來促發親職之適性展現，進而得以孕育轉危為安的能力（5）關係的正向連結、陪伴意義的再現、自我價值的確認為賦能發展之轉換關鍵。本模式在文化之意涵則為：（1）母職角色之重要性與父職角色之關鍵性。（2）親子分位之適切性將助於親職價值之體認。（3）內省之深刻性將滋生一種真實的幸福感。（4）苦樂流轉之信念將能深化困境之正向意涵與強化改變之希望。
本研究於實務上之建議，就諮詢架構與執行方面而言：（1） 關係之滋養應做為正向心理取向諮詢模式之核心。（2）求詢者之優勢展現與強化應建立於對內省而發之真實感受。（3）困境感受之呈現與接納將有助於苦樂轉換，並強化其否極泰來之希望感。在諮詢關係與諮詢師角色方面，則為：（1）諮詢關係以平等尊重為內涵；（2）諮詢師做為一個滋養性之陪伴者、自主性之催化者與優勢展現之激勵者。（4）諮詢服務推展之必要性與諮詢專業訓練之重要性。在未來研究方面，將就諮詢模式運用之多元性、諮詢理論與研究主題之擴展性研究典範與觀點之豐富性三個部分提供相關建議。
本研究發展之模式乃具有情境運用之涵容性、促進子女成長之影響性、親職價值深化之效益與關係滋養內化之成效，將可做為後續諮詢實務推展與諮詢研究發展之參考。

關鍵字

正向心理 ； 家長諮詢 ； 賦能模式 ； 文化意涵 ； 探本溯源 ； 否極生泰 ； 轉危為安

並列摘要

The aim of the study is to develop an indigenous parent consultation model based on the viewpoint of positive psychology, and to further discuss the empowerment development and transformation contexts of consultees in the process of consultation. Moreover, the study also intends to explain the cultural connotation of the empowerment model.
Study 1: Firstly to develop a work structure for the positive psychology oriented to the parents consultation model, and results in four consultation stages including relationship, awareness, reframing and integration. As for the part of establishing the empowerment model of consultees, Three data were collected from four female
parents, which are the transcripts in the process of consultation, the transcripts of tracking interviews and the texts of tracking questionnaires, then analyzed the data by the template analysis method, to revise the initial version of parents empowerment concept model established by Gibson (1995). After giving cultural and behavioral
connotation, the researcher further developed six empowerment subjects which are “Exploring and Tracing Back to the Origin”, “Initiating Fortune from the Extreme
Adversity”, “Comprehending from Converting Thoughts”, “Facilitating from Being Proficient”, “Flourishing Strengths” and “Diversifying Crises into Safeties”.
Study 2: The study depends on studying the total organization and the staged use-pattern of the counselor’s consultation strategies in the process of consultation, to understand the possible impacts of counselor’s strategies on consultees’ empowerment development, to reveal the behavioral contexts of empowerment transformation. The researcher will use the same participants, and collect the transcripts in the same process of consultation, by choosing the quantitative data, to analyze the subsequent consultation strategies. The researcher sets ten consultation strategies which are “Structure Framing”, “Contexts Collection”, “Resources Providing”, “Atmosphere Culturing”, “Hope Implantation”, “Emotion Conversion”, “Strengths Regeneration”, “Awareness Deepening”, “Parent-Education Improving” and “Recovery Constructing”.
The results of the study are: (1) The consultation structure is started by relationship establishing, mediated by strengthening the awareness of adversities and strengths. Then, through introspection mechanism transformed, the structure will promote the
autonomous development of consultees. (2) The connotation of consultation model focuses on ”Awareness Deepening” and “Parent-Education Improving”, and assisted
by “Atmosphere Culturing” as the promotion factor of positive condition. (3) Empowerment transformation uses “Exploring and Tracing Back to the Origin” and
“Initiating Fortune from the Extreme Adversity” as the principal line, then, to form a dynamic force which will transform the origin exploration to bittersweet. (4) The results of empowerment are to establish parenting wellbeing by the extensibility of relationship culturing, to promote the appropriate expression of parenting by awareness
transformation, so as to create a power of “Diversifying Crises into Safeties”. (5) The keys of empowerment transformation are the positive connection of relationships, the representation of accompany meaning and the confirmation of self value. And the cultural connotations of the model are: (1) The importance of mother’s role and the essential of father’s role. (2) The appropriateness of parent-child boundary will help
reflect the parenting value. (3) The deepness of retrospection will breed a kind of real
happiness. (4) The belief of bittersweet transformation will deepen the positive consciousness to adversities and strengthen the hope for change.
The study provides suggestions on practical aspects, in terms of consultation construction and implantation: (1) The relationship culturing should be the core of the consultation model by positive psychology. (2) Strengths presentation and strengthening of the consultees shall be established on the real feelings from retrospections. (3) The revelation of feelings from adversities and the acceptance of the feelings will help the transformation of bittersweet, and strengthen the hope for “Initiating Fortune from the Extreme Adversity”. In terms of consultation relationship and the counselor’s role: (1)
The basis of the consultation relationship is equality and respect; (2) The counselor is a company who can breed happiness, an autonomous catalyst and a stimulator for
strengths representation. (4) The necessity of consultation service promotion and the importance of professional consulting training. In the further study, we will provide
relevant recommendations on three aspects: the diversity of consultation model application, the extensiveness of consultation theories and participants, the richness of
research paradigms and viewpoints.
Inclusive in structure application, the development model of the study has influences on the growth of children, deepens the parenting value and internalizes the relationship culturing, and will become the reference for future consultation practice promotion and consultation research development.

並列關鍵字

positive psychology ； parent consultation ； empowerment model ； cultural connotation ； exploring and tracing back to the origin ； initiating fortune rom the extreme adversity ； diversifying crises into safeties

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