M型組織與多中心結構之比較：以地方推動BOT為例

公共建設執行的組織型式有集權型即U型、分權型即M型及多中心型，M型及多中心型各有優劣，M型及多中心型的績效比較，可彰顯地方推動BOT促進公共利益及兼顧公平、效率之本旨。本文以地方推動BOT之觀點，選擇18種地方建設標的，假設可行性、需要性、融資易、低風險、報酬、廠商意願六項準則爲績效指標，融資易、低風險二項準則爲低交易成本指標，以德菲法徵詢學者專家意見，尋求一致性後，以集群分析將相對效率高、低之方案分群。結果顯示，醫院、停車場、靈骨塔、渡假旅館、遊樂區、勞工住宅、焚化爐等七項方案之績效高且交易成本低。七項績效方案之財貨屬性爲可收費的混合財，相對效率高，交易成本低，適合以M型組織運作。多中心組織強調效率、公平、課責及適當性目標的評估，注重永續性，適合社區型地方建設，如地區醫院、社區活動中心、縣（市）民學苑、育幼院、運動公園、停車場、下水道設施等。研究發現，「促參法」所稱民間機構隱含包括營利組織及非營利組織，M型組織爲營利組織，多中心組織爲非營利組織，M型組織適合經營混合財，多中心組織適合經營共營財。

關鍵字

M型組織；多中心； BOT

並列摘要

The execution type of public facilities includes centralization which is also called U type, decentralization which is also called M type, and polycentric type. There are pros and cons between M type and polycentric type and the comparison of effects between M type and polycentric type can manifest that lower level government administration push BOT forward to promote public interests and the purpose of fairness and efficiency. This study focuses on the viewpoints of local government pushing BOT forward to choose 18 local construction projects to assume the six norms of feasibility, desirability, easily financing, low risk, returns, and manufactures' intentions as the performance index and two norms of easily financing, low risk are the low transaction costs index. After asking experts and scholars for opinions by Delphi Method and looking for consistence, the results are authenticated by cluster analysis. The findings show that 7 programs like hospitals, parking lots, Columbarium Pagodas, resort hotels, amusement parks, labor housing and incinerators have higher relative efficiency that have the consistent result authenticated by cluster analysis. The property of 7 performance programs is chargeable mixed goods with high relative efficiency and low transaction costs and therefore, it is suitable to be operated by M type organizations. Polycentric organizations emphasize efficiency, fairness, accountability and assessment of proper targets which focus on sustainability and are suitable for community-owned local infrastructure such as regional hospitals, community centers, extension classes for county (city) residents, infant-asylum, sports parks, parking lots, and sewer systems and so on. The study finds that ”Statute for Promoting Private Participation in Public infrastructure” which is called non-governmental institutions implied profit-making organizations and non-profit organizations. M type belongs to profit-making organizations while polycentric organization belongs to nonprofit organizations. M type is suitable for running mixed goods and polycentric organization is suitable for running cooperation goods.