運輸成本之總體經濟效應：論國家規模的角色

本文延伸賴宗福(2009)的模型，將新開放總體經濟模型與運輸成本做一結合，利用一個具有個體基礎與不完全競爭特性的一般均衡模型，探討運輸成本對各總體經濟變數的影響。我們所獲得的結論如下：第一、本國運輸成本的增加，將會使得匯率上揚，本國貨幣貶值。第二、運輸成本對本國價格指數及消費的影響則取決於一國規模的大小而定。對小國而言，運輸成本增加將使得本國物價水準上揚，本國消費水準下跌；相反的，對大國而言，運輸成本增加會造成本國物價水準下跌，本國消費水準上升。

關鍵字

運輸成本；新開放總體經濟模型；新經濟地理學

並列摘要

In this paper, I extend Lai's model for combines the New Open Economy Macroeconomics with transportation cost, I use a dynamic general equilibrium model with micro-foundation and monopolistic competition to discuss the impacts of the change in transportation cost on aggregate variables. The main findings of this paper are as follows. First, an increase in transportation cost of home country will raise the exchange rate and leading to the depreciation of domestic currency. Second, the effects of price level and consumption on transportation cost are ambiguous; it depends upon the magnitude of the size of country. An increase in transportation cost of home country will raise the domestic price level and decline the consumption for a small country. Contrarily, an increase in transportation cost of home country will decrease the domestic price level and increase the consumption for a large country.