幼兒園音樂專業教師與班級教師在音樂課中歌唱教學之分析

本研究最主要在探討幼兒園中音樂專業教師與班級教師之歌唱教學情形。主要透過自然觀察法，觀察5位專業音樂教師及5位班級老師的音樂課教學狀況，進行8次觀察，輔以半結構式的訪談收集資料，針對音樂課程中之歌唱行為與教學做深入之分析及探討。結果發現，歌唱在音樂課雖扮演重要的角色，但主要的目的在於配合其他音樂教學項目而進行。大部分老師在歌曲領唱時都能提供預備拍及進拍手勢，但在引起注意、給音及回饋的關注較少，歌唱中老師們也幾乎全程參與，較無提供幼兒獨立歌唱的機會。老師們都能選擇適合幼兒題材及音域的歌曲，專業音樂老師選擇的曲目比班級老師多元，但歌唱時老師們的起音普遍偏低。最後，歌唱活動以清唱為主，有許多老師相當仰賴CD。

關鍵字

幼兒園；班級老師；專業音樂老師；歌曲領唱；歌唱教學

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to examine singing instruction for preschool music specialists and classroom teachers in music classes. Five music specialists and five classroom teachers voluntarily participated in this study. Non-participant observations were undertaken to identify the processes by which these teachers conducted music activities, and semi-structured interviews provided further data. The music instruction was observed 8 times. The results showed that singing played a vital role in music class. However, the singing was conducted with other music activities. Most of the teachers provided preparatory beats and signals for the children's entrance into the song involved during the song leading process. Nevertheless, few of them focused on attention to singing, referred to the starting pitch, or provided specific feedback. The teachers participated in the children's singing frequently with the entire song, but provided few opportunities for the children to sing independently. Teachers could select appropriate materials and ranges of songs for young children. However, the music specialists in this study used a greater variety of repertoires than did the classroom teachers. Furthermore, both the music specialists and the classroom teachers sang at a lower pitch than the children's appropriate ranges. The results also indicated that most of the children sang without accompaniment. In particular, the classroom teachers relied on commercial music.