從法律經濟分析觀點論WTO爭端解決機制

Study on the WTO Dispute Settlement Procedure from the Perspective of Economic Analysis of Law

張心悌(Hsin-Ti Chang)

《中正大學法學集刊》 15期 (2004/04) Pp. 181-230

https://doi.org/10.30094/NCCULJ.200404.0003

摘要

WTO自一九九五年一月一日正式生效以來，其全新設計之爭端解決機制，即成為全球注目之焦點，蓋國際貿易爭端的有效解決，攸關整個WTO法律規則之實踐與威信。本文嘗試從法律經濟分析之角度探討WTO爭端解決機制，以經濟學中「交易成本」、「經濟效率」等概念，架構出本文分析之基礎，並以訴訟成本、貿易相關損益、名譽損益組合而成之報酬結構，研究分析爭端當事國在WTO爭端解決程序中各階段策略運用之經濟效率與成本考量，以期就我國在日後面對WTO爭端解決程序之決策上，提供一個不同的思考面向。

關鍵字

WTO ； 爭端解決程序 ； 法律經濟分析 ； 國際貿易 ； 交易成本 ； 經濟效率 ； 爭端解決機制 ； 財産法則 ； 補償法則

並列摘要

World Trade Organization (”WTO”) came into effect on January 1, 1995. Since then, WTO's newly-designed dispute settlement procedure became the focus of the world because the success of such procedure will have substantial impact on the implementation and enforcement of WTO's rules. This paper is trying to study WTO's dispute settlement procedure from the economic analysis perspective through applying some economic concepts, such as ”transaction cost” and ”economic efficiency” to build the analytical framework of this paper. In addition, by analyzing the payoff structure consisting of the litigation costs, trade-related gains/losses, and reputation gains/losses, this paper examines the cost and efficiency considerations behind the strategies adopted by each party at different stages of the dispute settlement procedure. This paper provides a different perspective from the traditional research on WTO dispute settlement mechanism and wishes to inspire some different thinking for future reference.

並列關鍵字

WTO ； Dispute Settlement Procedure ； Economic Analysis of Law ； International Trade ； Transaction Cost ； Economic Efficiency ； Dispute Settlement Mechanism ； Property Rule ； Liability Rule