物權法現代化之終章或序曲－論普通地上權之實務爭議及新法評析

Finale or Overture of Modernization of Property Law-On Practical Controversy and Amendatory Commentary of General Superficies

李福隆(Fu-Lung Lee)

《中正大學法學集刊》 29期 (2010/04) Pp. 35-67

https://doi.org/10.30094/NCCULJ.201004.0002

摘要

隨著人類文明及科技技術進步，不動產使用產生土地分層利用、建築物使用年限日漸延長等結果，同時土地所有權逐漸觀念化，土地經濟活動也從所有權人自行使用轉由他人用於建築或居住而收取地租或租金，以致民法物權編調和土地與地上物間使用關係的地上權章相關規定，確有必要進行修正，以符合現代生活方式及經濟型態。爲因應社會需求，並加速現行民法物權編的全面研修，法務部先後廣徵法院裁判、律師公會與銀行公會等專家意見、學說見解以及外國立法例，其中以法律實踐過程所產生的實務爭議及司法解釋，體現我國社會的實際需求爲最。
繼2007年3月28日、2009年1月23日總統令先後修正公布民法物權編部分修正條文擔保物權部分、通則章及所有權章，今年2月包括地上權在內的用益物權部分條文修正草案也通過修法，堪稱此次物權法現代化的終章。雖然此次修法透過判例明文化、增訂公共建設目的地上權，初步回應法律實踐、經濟發展的實際需求，並採用私法自治與公權介入的規範方式，以強化當事人權利義務關係及調整其法律保護程度，惟部分判例未予明文、特別規定尚未列入普通法、忽略大法官解釋修正建議等情形，仍難免造成現行法適用疑義必須仰賴司法解釋、一般規定無法完善當事人權利義務等困境，故在新法修正通過、尚未正式施行之際，本文指出物權法仍應繼續現代化，同時此次新法應爲下階段修法的序曲。

關鍵字

地上權 ； 普通地上權 ； 法定地上權 ； 私法自治 ； 公權介入

並列摘要

With the progress of civilization and technology, real estate appeared land use stratification and the lifetime of buildings extended increasingly. At the same time, gradual conceptualization of land ownership and land economic activity from own use to entrust others to build and charge rent. It was necessary to revise the ”superficies” Chapter of Part Three in Civil Code, so that the provisions would meet our people's life and economic activities. In order to response the demand of our society and accelerate the whole amendment of Civil Code, the Ministry of Justice collected the courts' sentence, the opinions from the bar and bank association and legal scholars, foreign legislation. Among these materials, practical disputes and judicial explanation of the process of law enforcement could express actual demand of society the most.
After the collateral property right part, general provisions and ownership chapter were revised in March 2007 and January 2009, usufruct right part was also revised in February this year. Actually, it seemed to be the finale of modernization of Taiwan Property Law. Legal precedents and public-construction superficies were enacted, autonomy of private law and public power to intervene were introduced, so the amendments met actual demand of legal practice and economic development and strengthened the parties' legal relationship and adjusted the level of legal protection. But some precedents still weren't enacted and special provisions
of the Land Law weren't integrated into Civil Code, even amendatory suggestions from grand justice explanation were ignored. Unavoidably, these problems will result in some predicaments, such as dubious interpretation of applying to current law in effect and incomplete regulation of parties' legal relationship in Civil Code. Before the enforcement of the amendatory act, this article pointed out a thought that it's necessary for the Property Law to carry on modernization and the new act ought to be the overture of next amendments.

並列關鍵字

superficies ； general superficies ； statutory superficies ； autonomy of private law ； public power to intervene