論涉外法律行為方式之準據法

The Law Applicable to the Formalities for Juridical Act

何佳芳(Chia-Fang Ho)

《中正大學法學集刊》 43期 (2014/05) Pp. 293-327

摘要

法律行為之方式涉及該行為之成立與否，究應適用何國法律為其準據法，對於當事人權益影響重大，新法雖已針對舊法不足之處，在架構及內容上進行了部分修正，但仍有部分不足有待進一步探討。例如，在系爭法律行為之「成立」準據法與「效力」準據法不同時，究應以何者作為該行為之準據法，不無疑義；再者，於行為地的確定方面，新法雖增訂了有關隔地契約之行為方式準據法，但對位於不同法域之人所為之「單獨行為」，究應以何處作為其行為地則未有明確規範；又如消費者契約等當事人締約地位不平等之契約，站在弱者保護的觀點上，就此類契約方式之準據法，是否應有特殊考量及規範，亦有加以檢討之必要。本文擬藉由此次涉外民事法律適用法之修訂，就有關涉外法律行為方式之準據法加以探討，希望能提供將來學界論述或實務適用上些許之助益。

關鍵字

法律行為 ； 準據法 ； 消費者契約 ； 國際私法 ； 單獨行為 ； 行為地 ； 慣常居所地 ； 日本法的適用通則法 ； 1961年海牙遺囑方式準據法公約 ； 羅馬規則Ⅰ

並列摘要

The formalities for juridical act will involve in whether the legal act is constituted or not and which country's law shall be the governing law in this regard, which will significantly affect the party's right. While some shortages have been supplemented by the new act, there are still some insufficient parts which still need to be further discussed. Take for example, if there is a discrepancy of governing laws between the formation and the effectiveness of the act, which law shall be the governing law is still arguable. In addition, the new act is silent on the location of the act to decide the governing law for the unilateral act conducted by each party in the different territory. Finally, it is necessary for further discussion on whether there are other considerations and regulations for the consumer contract due to the unfair position in nature for the execution of the contract. This article hopes to provide the fields of the scholarship and legal system with some helps in the issues in question.

並列關鍵字

Juridical Act ； Governing Law ； Consumer Contract ； International Private Law ； The Unilateral Act ； The Place Where the Act was Done ； Habitual Residence ； Japanese Act on General Rules for Application of Laws ； Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions ； Rome Ⅰ

參考文獻

李後政(2010)。涉外民事法律適用法。五南。

林益山(2009)。國際私法與實例解說。瑞興圖書。

劉鐵錚、陳榮傳(2010)。國際私法論。三民。

蘇遠成(2008)。國際私法。五南。

何佳芳(2008)。日本新國際私法之契約準據法─兼論我國涉外民事法律適用法及其修正草案之相關條文。月旦法學雜誌。152，114-134。