健康促進：身心障礙福利機構健康管理新策略

Health Promotion: A New Strategy of Health Management for Institutions Caring for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

林金定(Jin-Ding Lin) ； 蔡艷清(Yen-Ching Tsai) ； 嚴嘉楓(Chia-Feng Yen) ； 吳佳玲(Jia-Ling Wu) ； 羅元婷(Yen-Ting Lo) ； 張書菱(Shu-Ling Chang)

《身心障礙研究季刊》 2卷1期 (2004/01) Pp. 1-13

https://doi.org/10.30072/JDR.200401.0001

摘要

智能障礙者在身心障礙群體是較特殊的一群，因為他們的心智障礙導致認知與自我照顧能力的不足，以致於在社會中處於較弱勢的地位；同時他們也較容易有不良的健康狀況和較高的罹病率，因此隱含著較高的健康需求與醫療費用，此外，他們也經歷較多醫療利用的障礙。尤其是住在機構內的智能障礙者，因為障礙程度較為嚴重且大多合併多重障礙，是公共衛生體系應該關注的焦點。本文主要目的乃以分析智能障礙者的健康特質與醫療利用情形為基礎，試圖發展本土性的身心障礙福利機構健康促進介入模式，以增進智能障礙者的健康，進而提昇其生活品質。在國際健康管理制度的趨勢發展上，場所式的健康促進介入方式被認為是健康管理的有效方式，以健康促進的原理和場所性健康促進為理論基礎，從影響健康的個人技能、社區（機構）行動、支持性環境、健康的公共政策與健康服務之重整等五個面向建構機構健康促進制度。本文將分下列部分作深入探討，首先說明智能障礙者的界定和智能障礙基本人口學特質、健康特質以及醫療利用與就醫障礙等分析；其次探討我國身心障礙福利機構之健康管理之特質；最後本文將討論健康促進之發展，分析健康促進的演進、健康促進的基本理論、效益與實施，進而研擬身心障礙福利機構健康營造之發展模式。

關鍵字

身心障礙福利機構 ； 智能障礙 ； 健康促進 ； 健康管理

並列摘要

Intellectual disability is an important issue in public health and society. Lacking sufficient intellectual capacities and adaptive skills in persons with intellectual disabilities, they are easily affected by many health problems and they also experienced a lot of healthcare difficulties, particularly in individuals living in institutions, whose disability level are serious or profound and they often combined with multiple disabilities. The aim of this paper is based on analyzing the health characteristics and healthcare utilization among persons with intellectual disabilities, we attempt to develop a health promotion model for Healthy Living Center (HLC) for persons with intellectual disabilities in our society. Setting approach initiative is a good direction for health management in this century; based on the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion which was developed by WHO in 1986, developing HLC for increasing individual health skills, strengthening community (institution) health actions, creating supportive health environment, developing healthy public policy and finally reorienting healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities in institutions. This paper includes following sections: examining the health and healthcare of people with intellectual disability, reviewing the healthcare management in institutions and we also discussing a new strategy of health promotion for persons with intellectual disabilities in institutions.

並列關鍵字

health management ； health promotion ； institution ； intellectual disability

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