從《身心障礙者權利公約》來探討身心障礙概念的新轉向

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities-Turing the Disability Tide

唐宜楨(I-Chen Tang) ； 陳心怡(Hsin-Yi Chen)

《身心障礙研究季刊》 6卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 238-251

https://doi.org/10.30072/JDR.200812.0001

摘要

《身心障礙者權利公約》標示了21世紀第一個全面性的人權公約，同時也是第一個標示保障身心障礙者的國際人權公約。人權(human rights)、反歧視(anti-discrimination)以及平等(equality)為《身心障礙者權利公約》中的核心價值，且聯合國《身心障礙者權利公約》強調尊重差別、接受身心障礙者為人類多元及人性之一部分、鼓勵身心障礙者完整有效地參與社會。本文使用以下幾個面向來談《身心障礙者權利公約》的制定如何明白標示出身心障礙者權利的新轉向：（一）藉由身心障礙的定義、分纇模型的轉變以及身心障礙的政策如何從消極尊重到積極倡議來解釋《身心障礙者權利公約》的起源背景；（二）以身心障礙人權倡議的實質意義及權利的自我覺知來看《身心障礙者權利公約》的重要性；（三）了解《身心障礙者權利公約》對身心障礙者的意函可從公約落實機制的建立以及《身心障礙者權利公約》中的「社會參與」概念如何影響身心障礙者生活品質來探討；（四）《身心障礙者權利公約》中所強調的身心障礙者個體權利強化以及社會包容強化可協助改變大環境對身心障礙者的態度與看法。

關鍵字

人權倡議 ； 身心障礙 ； 聯合國身心障礙者權利公約

並列摘要

Based on adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), the aim of this article is to contribute to a discussion on how the CRPD is a crucial support for disability human rights activists to frame the issue of disability in the paradigm of human rights. This article offers a description of emergence of the Convention by providing a brief history of disability definitions. From the definitional divide, we can notice the significant shift from an individual/medical model of disability to a focus on rights and equality. It then moves to introduce importance of this CRPD from the perspective of rights awareness arising. Another additional part looks at implications of the CRPD for persons with disabilities with the examples of barrier free space and full participation in society. Finally, we will suggest strengthen how the CRPD changes attitudes towards persons with disabilities.

並列關鍵字

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ； championing human rights ； disability

參考文獻

自由時報(2006/11/28)

Chang, H. H.(2007).Social change and the disability rights movement in Taiwan 1981-2002.The Review of Disability Studies.3,4-19.

Disability rights and policies

Hunt, P.,Mesquita, J.(2006).Mental disabilities and the human right to the highest attainable standard of health.Human Rights Quarterly.28,332-356.

Hurst, R.(2003).The international disability rights movement and the ICF.Disability & Rehabilitation.25,572-576.