智能障礙者健康體能活動：促進與阻礙

Healthy Physical Activities in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Facilitators and Barriers

張佑宇(Yu-Yu Chang) ； 林金定(Jin-Ding Lin)

《身心障礙研究季刊》 6卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 273-285

https://doi.org/10.30072/JDR.200812.0004

摘要

就普遍之智能障礙者健康狀態而言，除常見之肥胖、口腔保健問題外，缺乏身體活動亦是最普遍存在的問題；智能障礙者在台灣實為相當弱勢族群，其對於醫療、社會、教育等方面也有不亞於正常人的需求，智能障礙者，需要更多健康促進的介入及協助，本文以文獻回顧的方式，探討智能障礙者在健康體能活動中，存在何種阻礙因素，並尋找未來研究與方案介入面向。文獻也發現指出，智能障礙者主要之阻礙因素可歸納為：內在的障礙、環境的障礙與溝通的障礙，而針對這三個面向之阻礙，透過高可近性之活動，如健走、騎自行車，或是透過設計運動競賽的體能活動模式，在合格教練的指導下，以正規訓練，逐步強化身體機能，將簡單的運動變成智能障礙者的生活習慣，非但能對其健康有正向的幫助，增進其肢體協調性，另一方面更可間接鼓勵其社會化，使之更有自信與社會、環境接觸，進而達到生理與心理皆健全的狀態。

關鍵字

智能障礙 ； 身體活動 ； 健康體能

並列摘要

In term of health issues in people with intellectual disabilities (ID), obesity, oral problems and lacks of adequate physical activity are impotent risk factors. Person with ID is one of the vulnerable groups in the society, particularly in medical care, employment and education opportunities. This article aims to examine the facilitators and barriers of physical activities of people with ID based on the current references review. The results address that those factors such as intrinsic barrier, environment barrier and communication barrier are the most troublesome reasons of physical activities toward people with ID. To solving these problems, we suggest that the health authority should design accessible physical activities, such as walking, cycling, and competition physical activities and initiate physical activity training to improve the physical function gradually. These physical activities will strengthen the physiological, mental and social health of people with ID, to improve quality of life as well.

並列關鍵字

Health-related fitness ； intellectual disabilities ； physical activities

參考文獻

中華臺北特殊奧運會網站

王順正(2006)。終生體適能與健康。運動生理週訊。224，76-83。

王順正(2002)。體能或體適能。運動生理週訊。105，89-91。

中華民國行政院內政部網站

行政院體育委員會網站