訴訟上和解程序之研究－以德國法為中心

訴訟上和解程序於現今民事訴訟占居重要之地位。2001年德國民事訴訟法之修法者，強調當事人間之紛爭，不論依法院判決或依當事人合意解決之方式，原則上應於第一審訴訟程序即獲實質與終局的解決。其特別強調於民事訴訟第一審程序依當事人合意解決紛爭之重要性。法院應儘早於訴訟前階段即進行訴訟上和解之程序。因此，德國民訴法第278條第2項第1句規定，法院負有於言詞辯論前進行訴訟上和解程序之義務。就此我國民事訴訟法並未規定，實有從使當事人儘早達成訴訟上和解之觀點加以探討之必要。此外，德國民事訴訟法第278條第2項規定，法院於訴訟上和解程序負有自由評價所有之情況與當事人討論該事件爭訟狀況之義務。如此討論義務之重要性及其內容為何，須從法院應積極協助當事人達成和解之觀點加以研討。我國民事訴訟法欠缺法院於訴訟上和解負有討論義務之規定，未來是否有增訂之必要，亦須作更進一步之分析。依德國民訴法第278條第6項之規定，法院得以書面提出和解方案，由兩造當事人同意該和解方案，或由兩造當事人向法院提出和解方案，經由法院裁定確認其成立之方式締結訴訟上和解。本文將深入分析此等和解方案提出彼此間之關聯性何在，應如何使其充分發揮功能。如此兩種提出和解方案之模式，與我國民訴法第377條之1由當事人聲明願由法院定和解方案，或第377條之2因一造當事人難以到場由法院定和解方案之間之差異何在，以何種模式較為妥適亦有作更細部研究之必要。本文之目的在建構一以保護當事人自治權為基礎與強化法院積極協助當事人達成訴訟上和解之程序。

關鍵字

訴訟上和解；必要性和解程序；法院之討論義務；和解方案；訴訟外調解程序之建議

並列摘要

The Settlement Procedure plays an important role in the current civil procedure. The reformer of German Code of Civil Procedure in 2001 emphasized that the parties' disputes should be comprehensively and rapidly resolved by the judgment or settlement at first instance. It accented especially the importance of settlement at first instance. The court must hold the settlement procedure at the early stage. Article 278 (2) of German Code of Civil Procedure regulates that the court must hold the settlement procedure before the trail. Taiwan Code of Civil Procedure be lack of similar provision. It is necessary to make further research, whether this provision should be introduced into Taiwan Civil Procedure. Article 278 (2) of German Code of Civil Procedure regulates that the court has obligation to discuss the stand of the dispute with the parties under the evaluation of all circumstances. The importance and content of this obligation of discussion should be analyzed in the light of the assistance of the court to make the parties reach the settlement on their dispute. It is necessary to make further study, whether the similar provision should be added into Taiwan Civil Procedure. Under the Article 278 (6) of German Code of Civil Procedure, the court may offer the settlement proposal to the parties and they can accept this proposal or the parties can notify the court of the consensus settlement proposal and the court decides ob the settlement is effective. The essay will discuss the relation between the settlement proposal offered by court and the party and the difference between the above two types of settlement proposal and the settlement proposal offered by court under Article 377-1 and 377-2. It is necessary to make further analysis, which model is appropriate for the settlement procedure. The aim of the essay is to establish a comprehensive settlement procedure on the basis of autonomy of parties and enhancement of the active role of court.