深度學習AI醫療民事侵權責任之探討－以美國、歐盟及我國法制為中心－

A Study of Tort Liability on Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare-Focus on the Legal Systems in the United States, the European Union and Taiwan

王一旅(Wang, Yi-Lu)

《輔仁法學》 61期 (2021/06) Pp. 1-85

摘要

深度學習AI醫療的應用目前在醫療放射（Radiology）與醫療影像（Imaging）均已取得相當優異的成果，其檢測疾病的準確率和速度方面甚至超過了人類醫師。然而，深度學習會產生「黑盒子」（Black Box）的問題。當人們輸入數據資料於AI後，系統經由深度學習的複雜神經網路處理後，再輸出其判斷的結果供醫師參考。然而，AI究竟是如何作出特定的檢測結果或診斷建議？人們卻難以理解其運算邏輯，整個過程就如同一個黑盒子般不透明。在此情況下，如果AI醫療系統出錯而發生誤診，究竟是誰應該負擔民事上的侵權責任？本文即欲探討此問題，深度分析美國及歐盟法制下對於AI醫療的民事侵權責任，並與我國法制相比較，檢視我國民事侵權責任體系該如何調整以面對未來AI醫療浪潮的衝擊。

關鍵字

AI人工智慧 ； AI醫療 ； AI黑盒子 ； AI深度學習 ； 民事侵權責任

並列摘要

The application of AI medical treatment has achieved exceptional results in both medical radiology and medical imaging; its accuracy and speed of detecting diseases even exceed that of human doctors. However, AI will have the problem of ＂Black Box＂. When people input data into AI, the system processes through complex neural network of deep learning, and then outputs the results of its judgment. However, how does AI make specific results or diagnosis suggestions? It is difficult for humans to understand its operation logic. The entire process is as opaque as a black box. In this case, if the AI medical system is wrong and misdiagnosed, who should bear the tort liability? This issue is worth exploring in depth. This article explores the tort liability for AI in healthcare under the US and EU legal systems, and compares it with Taiwan's legal system, to examine how Taiwan's tort liability system should be adjusted to the impact of future AI medical waves. I will discuss and analyze the relevant literature of the US, the EU and its member states, and Taiwan, including their legislation, amendments to the law, academic articles, and other valuable materials, and propose amendments to the current Taiwan's tort law framework so that it can fully reflect the international trends in the development of AI in healthcare.

並列關鍵字

Artificial Intelligence ； AI in Healthcare ； AI Black Box ； AI Deep Learning ； Tort Liability

參考文獻

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Is a Doctor@@$$s Negligence Ever Automatic In a Medical Malpractice Case?, at https://www.alllaw.com/articles/nolo/medical-malpractice/when-doctors-negligence-speaks-for-itself.html (last visited 10/20/2020).

Legal and Regulatory Issues Related to the Use of Clinical Software in Health Care Delivery,at Legal and Regulatory Issues Related to the Use of Clinical Software in Health Care Delivery - ScienceDirect(last visited 12/26/2020).

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