- 期刊
大學部及研究所新生B型肝炎預防性健康行爲與相關因素之探討
Hepatitis B Related Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Behavior in Freshmen and First-year Graduate Students of a University in Southern Taiwan
摘要
B型肝炎是一種嚴重威脅國人生命健康的感染疾病。B型肝炎帶原者本身不僅是罹患肝癌及肝硬化的高危險群，也會將B型肝炎病毒傳染給沒有B型肝炎抗體的人。充裕的知識、正向的態度和高度的疾病防治自我效能，是促進健康並減少疾病散播的最佳方式；故本研究目的是比較不同帶原狀況的三組大學新生對B型肝炎之認知、健康信念、自我效能與預防性健康行爲之差異，並探討影響B型肝炎帶原者或未感染者預防性健康行爲之重要因素。以南台灣某國立大學92學年度入學之大學與研究所新生爲研究對象(n=4,322)，利用該校進行新生入學體檢時，邀請受檢同學參與此研究並填寫問卷。然後依新生體檢結果，將研究對象分爲健康組(HBsAg-/HBsAb+)、帶原組(HBsAg+/HBsAb-)與必感組(HBsAg-/HBsAb-)三組群。研究結果顯示約四分之一的學生不清楚自己的帶原狀況，其中帶原組甚至高達39%不知自己的帶原狀況；更值得注意的是不清楚自身帶原狀況者在認知、健康信念、自我效能與預防性健康行爲的得分皆顯著低於清楚自身帶原狀況者。男學生以及醫學類科的學生有較高的帶原率是須多加關注之組群，尤其那些不清楚自身帶原狀況的帶原者更是高危險群。本研究建議學校和關衛生保健中心須設計規劃相關B型肝炎防治活動，以提昇學生對B型肝炎的預防性健康行爲，其中最重要的括施之一是在確實傳達新生體檢之B型肝炎檢查結果。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Hepatitis B is a debilitating and infectious disease. Unknowing, syptomless hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers are at higher risk of spreading the virus, and at the same time, those uncared-for HBV carriers might have greater hazards in the occurrence of cirrhosis and subsequent hepatoma. Knowledge about the disease along with a positive attitude and higher self-efficacy are needed to promote healthy behaviors and to diminish the spread of HBV infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and health behaviors of students with different HBV infectious status. First-year undergraduate and graduate students, enrolled by a university in southern Taiwan in 2003 (n=4,322), were tested for HBV infectious status during the entrance health examination and also completed HBV related knowledge-attitude-behavior questionnaires. According to the subjects' HBV status, they were classified as immunized group (HBsAg-/HBsAb+), carrier group (HBAg+/HBAb-), and non-exposed group (HBsAg-/HBsAb-). Twenty-five percent (n=1,092) of students were unaware of their own HBV status, and this percentage is highest in the carrier group (39.0%). Moreover, those students unaware of their HBV status had significant lower scores in HBV related knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors than those who knew their HBV status. Furthermore, male students and those who were enrolled in the medical college had higher prevalence of being carriers. Students who were unaware of their HBV status were at great risk for Hepatitis B. School health providers should design and provide appropriate program to prevent Hepatitis B from spreading in campus. One of the top priority in the prevention program is to inform all the students regarding their HBV status.