The Syntax of Bi-Comparatives in Mandarin Chinese

漢語比字比較句的句法分析

蘇政傑(Cheng-Chieh Su)

《Taiwan Journal of Linguistics》 10卷1期 (2012/06) Pp. 1-68

https://doi.org/10.6519/TJL.2012.10(1).1

摘要

在前人的基礎上，本文主要是從句法的視角探索漢語比字比較句的結構。文章首先對此結構中的句法和語義特徵進行了考察與描述，據此提出此結構為子句比較句的構想。基於其句法表現，“比”可以視為一種具有介詞特性的補語連詞，並投射出一個完整的子句。“比”的功能在於引介比較的對象。結構中的形容詞會投射其程度詞組。“比”所引介的子句加接至程度詞組的指示語位置，藉以滿足與限制形容詞的程度論元。在“比”所引介的子句中，牽涉刪略的成分具有形容詞詞組或動詞詞組的語法屬性。本文的思路一方面支持子句比較句的分析，另一方面可以為比較句刪略的研究提供進一步的參考。

關鍵字

句法學 ； 比字比較句 ； 子句比較句 ； 詞組比較句 ； 比較句刪略

並列摘要

The study attempts to propose a syntactic account of bi-comparatives in Mandarin Chinese under the generative framework. Bi plays a role reminiscent of a prepositional complementizer projecting a self-completed clause (Hsing 2003, Chung 2006), a preverbal adjunct in the wake of Liu (1996). Following Abney (1987), Kennedy (1997), Kennedy & Merchant (1997), it is suggested that a gradable adjective projects an extended functional structure DegP headed by a degree morpheme in the bi-comparative. The adjunction of the bi-clause onto the SpecDegP is triggered by the need to saturate and restrict the degree argument of the adjective (Liu 2007ab, 2010c). An adjective or verb phrase within the bi-clause is deleted. By studying bi-comparatives in depth, this study not only can shed light on the clausal analysis of bi-comparatives, but also provide useful data for future research on Comparative Deletion (Bresnan 1973, 1975).

並列關鍵字

Syntax ； bi-comparative ； clausal comparative ； phrasal comparative ； Comparative Deletion

參考文獻

Abney, Paul(1987).The English Noun Phrase in Its Sentential Aspect.MIT.

Beck, Sigrid(2006).Intervention effects follow from focus interpretation.Natural Language Semantics.14,1-56.

Bhatt, Rajesh,Pancheva, Roumyana(2004).Late merger of degree clauses.Linguistic Inquiry.35,1-46.

Bresnan, Joan(1977).Variables in the theory of transformation.Formal Syntax.(Formal Syntax).:

Bresnan, Joan(1975).Comparative deletion and constraints on transformations.Linguistic Analysis.1,25-74.