PHONETIC REPRESENTATIONS OF THREE KIM WORDS IN TAIWANESE

三個臺語詞「金鴨」、「金仔」、「金馬」的語音表徵分析

林秉宥(Pingyou Lin)

《Taiwan Journal of Linguistics》 15卷1期 (2017/01) Pp. 57-101

https://doi.org/10.6519/TJL.2017.15(1).3

摘要

This paper examines the phonetic representations of the three Taiwanese words kim a? 'golden duck', kim a 'gold', and kim ma 'place name' under the autosegmental framework (Goldsmith 1976). In accordance with the acoustic, articulatory, and perceptual analyses, the durational differences of the three [m]s across the three words have been shown to be different. However, the moraic theory may be limited to the contrast of the three words (e.g., [kim(μμ)ma(μ)] 'gold' vs. [kim(μμ)][ma(μ)] 'place name') though it may be applicable to only the contrast of [CV(μ)][CV(μ)] (Japanese kita 'arrived') vs. [CVC(μ)(μ)][CV(μ)] (kitta 'sliced'). As a result, the double-empty slots (xx-slots) and the bidirectional assimilation rule are proposed to explain such disparity. In my proposal, I state that the length differences are attributed to phonetic transition across different prosodic boundaries; the durational contrast of the consonant [m] therefore can explicitly be observed from the surface forms of [kim][^?a?] 'golden duck' vs. [kim^(ma)a] 'gold' vs. [kim]^(mm)[ma] 'place name'.

關鍵字

Taiwanese ； phonetic representation ； autosegmental framework ； liaison ； bidirectional assimilation rule ； moraic theory

並列摘要

本文以Goldsmith (1976) 所提出的自主音段音韻學架構分析三個臺語詞彙「金鴨」、「金仔」、「金馬」的語音表徵形式。由語音聲學、發音、及聽覺感知分析結果顯示，三詞彙 [m] 時長在統計上呈現顯著性差異。然而， 莫拉理論在應用上卻有其侷限性； 它或許可解釋日語詞kita[ki(μ)][ta(μ)] 與kitta [kit(μ)( μ)][ta(μ)] 的時長差異，卻無法解釋臺語詞「金仔」[kim(μμ)ma(μ)] 與「金馬」[kim(μμ)][ma(μ)] 的時長差異。因此本文乃提出連音「二空缺」及「雙向同化規則」來解釋此時長差異，即：時長差異乃導因於不同韻律單位的語音轉折，因此三詞彙的 [m] 時長差異即為「金鴨」[kim][^?a?] vs.「金仔」[kim^(ma)a] vs.「金馬」[kim]^(mm)[ma]。

並列關鍵字

臺語 ； 語音表徵 ； 自主音段架構 ； 連音 ； 雙向同化規則 ； 莫拉理論

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