家庭變故兒童在遊戲治療中自我療癒歷程之研究

A Study of the Changing Process of Resilience in the Play Therapy on the Child of Eventful Family

林秀玲(Hsu-Ling Lin) ； 陳志賢(Chih-Hsien Chen) ； 戴嘉南(Chia-Nan Tai) ； 余祥雲(Xiang-Yun Yu)

《諮商輔導學報：高師輔導所刊》 17期 (2007/12) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.6308/JCG.17.01

摘要

本研究旨在探討一位家庭變故後出現困擾行爲之國小五年級兒童，其在遊戲治療中的自我療癒歷程。本研究採個案與歷程研究，以治療觀察記錄表、治療評估報告等資料作爲分析文本。治療效果評估來源包括案母與治療師在不同場域對案主的觀察。本研究發現如下：
一、案主的治療關係是一段矯正性的人際互動經驗，在安全、接納與信任的治療關係中，案主從重演過去習得的曖昧委婉與不信任的人際互動模式、經過信任地直接展現攻擊與破壞力量、到以戲劇創意方式呈現自我療癒能量。
二、案主的遊戲類型會隨著遊戲治療階段而有變化：治療初期以理性、探索和幻想性遊戲類型爲主。治療中期，遊戲主軸轉爲強力攻擊與憤怒情緒宣洩。治療中後期，遊戲類型再轉換至幻想性戲劇創作、創意表達／益智遊戲。
三、案主在治療過程中陳述困擾的方式，除了直接表達外，主要是運用遊戲媒材的安排，加上戲劇性故事編撰來呈現內心對家庭遭受變故的負面經驗。
四、隨著案主在遊戲室的遊戲類型改變，案主在生活適應與困擾行爲的改善情形也有進步。
最後研究者針對上述研究結果加以討論，並對未來研究及輔導實務提出建議。

關鍵字

遊戲治療 ； 自我療癒 ； 歷程研究

並列摘要

The purposes of this study to explore a child in fifth of elementary with disturbing behavior, and display the resilience in the play therapy after eventful family. The study is used the process-research approach and data were analyzed by using the texts including the observing records and the assessment of play therapy. The resources of evaluating the therapeutic effects are including client's subjective evaluation, the client's daily behaviors from the observations of the client's mother and the observations of the process in the play therapy from the counselor. The discoveries from this research indicate that:
1. The client displays the fuzzy interactive pattern with defense and distrust in the therapeutic relationship. As setting the safe, acceptant and trust on therapeutic relationship, the client could display the aggressive power to express inner anger immediately.
2. There are differences on client's playing types and themes, as the procedures of play therapy. In the initial stage of the play therapy, the client's playing themes are reasonable, exploring and projecting. In the middle stage of the play therapy, the playing themes becomes unleashing and attacking. In the later stage, the playing themes becomes the dramatic creations of projection and express the large pressure in the life.
3. In the play therapy, besides expressing immediately, the client expresses the disturbing problems which are inner negative experiences for eventful family by using the playing mediums and dramatic stories.
4. As the client's changing of the playing themes in the playing room, the client's aggressive behaviors have been reduced, and the animals are no more abused by him in the life. The client with stable emotion improves in some ways which are including his results of study, the relationship with his sister, taking charge of housework actively, reducing the conflicts with others at school and feeling no shame at his family.
Based on the results and discussions, suggestions for further researchers and play therapists were provided in this study.

並列關鍵字

play therapy ； resilience ； process study

參考文獻

行政院勞工委員會

勞保局統計資料庫

何長珠、陳信昭、陳碧玲、徐世厚、賴麗明譯(2004)。遊戲治療新趨勢。台北:五南。

何長珠(2000)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告。彰化市:國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系暨研究所。

何長珠(2003)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告。嘉義縣:南華大學生死學系。