人格特質、社會文化因素與產後憂鬱之相關研究

The Relationships among Personality Constructs, Social Cultural Factors, and Postpartum Depression

黃莉婷(Li-Ting Huang) ； 王鵬智(Peng-Chih Wang)

《輔仁醫學期刊》 11卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 101-112

摘要

背景和目的：產後憂鬱近幾年成為被關注的重要議題，但國內研究多半較少關注心理層面，本研究欲檢驗產後女性之人格特質（自尊、樂觀）、社會文化危險因子與產後憂鬱間的預測模式。方法：本研究於北部某教學醫院婦產科門診篩選後轉介。受試者填寫問卷2次；一次於產前（懷孕36週後）另一次於產後（產後4週），共60名有效樣本納入，統計採用階層迴歸分析。結果：結果顯示(1)產前憂鬱可顯著預測產後憂鬱。(2)控制了人格特質變項後，社會文化因子（產前憂鬱、產後社交支持滿意程度）仍可顯著地去預測產後憂鬱。(3)控制了社會文化因子（產前憂鬱、產後社交支持滿意程度、產後社交支持可得程度、計畫懷孕與否、新生兒性別、家人對新生兒性別偏好、坐月子感受）後，人格特質變項不能去預測產後憂鬱。結論：對產後憂鬱來說，產前的憂鬱情況及缺乏社交支持是跨文化下重要的危險因子，未來研究可納入這些變項去考量會更完善。針對未來心理介入的建議包括以下：產檢期間偵測追蹤準媽媽的情緒狀況，以早期診斷及介入加強衛教，增強支持系統。

關鍵字

產後憂鬱 ； 樂觀 ； 自尊 ； 社會文化因子

並列摘要

Background and Purpose: Postpartum depression has become an important issues over the last few years. Most studies in Taiwan has less focus on psychological issues. Therefore, the research investigated the predicted models among personality constructs (self-esteem, optimism), social cultural factors and postpartum depression. Methods: Subjects referred from out-patient obstetrics and gynecology clinics of a northern teaching hospital. The participants filled out the questionnaires two times: one at prenatal (after 36 weeks of pregnancy) and the other time were postpartum (postnatal 4 weeks). There were 60 effective samples were recruited, and the data analysis used hierarchical regression. Results: The results indicate that: (1) prenatal depression was significant predictor of postpartum depression. (2) after controlling personality factors (self-esteem, optimism), social cultural factors (prenatal depression, postpartum social support satisfaction) can predict postpartum depression significantly. (3) after controlling social cultural factors (prenatal depression, postpartum social support satisfaction, postpartum social support availability, planning to become pregnant or not, infant gender, infant gender preference of family, the feelings of ”doing the month”), personality factors (self-esteem, optimism) can't predict postpartum depression significantly. Conclusion: Considering cross cultural impact, Prenatal depression and lack of social support are important risk factors to postpartum depression. Future related studies should keep these variables into consideration. In turns of future psychological intervention, suggestions are follows: first of all, it should track the emotional state of the pregnant woman in their regular check-ups for early detection and intervention; enhance the health education to them and their family members, and increase support systems.

並列關鍵字

postpartum depression ； postnatal depression ； self-esteem ； optimism ； social cultural factors