醫學倫理與醫病關係

Medical Ethics and the Doctor-patient Relationship

紀櫻珍(Ying-Chen Chi) ； 紀琍琍(Li-Li Chi) ； 吳振龍(Chen-Long Wu) ； 黃松元(Song-Yuan Huang)

《北市醫學雜誌》 3卷12期 (2006/12) Pp. 1-11

https://doi.org/10.6200/TCMJ.2006.3.12.01

摘要

面對當今醫療市場競爭日益激烈、醫療環境日趨複雜及民眾對醫療品質的要求與自身權益之維護日益提高，醫病關係已逐漸變化。雖然現代醫學理論及醫學相關科技的發展迅速，使得目前的醫學倫理已超越單純的醫病關係，同時需面對種種由科技及社經發展後所導致的倫理問題，因此醫學倫理之觀念有待重新探討與評價。本文針對三種倫理學之核心概念－效益論、義務論與德行論作探討，評價其與專業倫理的關係。效益論只能對追求快樂和利益的現代潮流予以推波助瀾，因此專業倫理必須進一步用義務論與德行論加以提升和轉化。醫病關係是當今社會最關懷的人際關係之一，改善醫病關係可從八個面向去著手：1.民主化的醫病關係；2.維護病人的隱私權；3.加強醫師與病人的相互體貼瞭解；4.有系統的訓練醫事人員在人際方面溝通的技巧；5.重視人文科學的地位；6.幫助病人做他自己的決定；7.改善病人的就醫環境與其醫療政策；8.避免利益的衝突。著重醫療倫理的落實可以讓社會更合諧，以達到真、善、美、聖的境界。醫療行為是事關病人之疾痛痛存亡的一種愛人助人的專業，醫療人員在研習精湛之專業醫術的同時，更要盡心培養一種對人的生命的深度關懷，以及對人所身受疾病痛苦的同情感動。

關鍵字

醫學倫理 ； 醫病關係 ； 效益論 ； 義務論 ； 德行論

並列摘要

In recent years, the doctor-patient relationship get worse gradually upon the complex situations of violent marketing competition, complicated medical environment, requested high medical quality and asked for patient's right. Since the modern medical hypothesis and associated science and technology has developed dramatically, causing the medical ethics couldn’t be the simple doctor-patient relationship only, meanwhile, the medical staffs will face many intractable problems, thus the concepts of medical ethics should be reviewed and re-evaluated. Through the discussion about three ethics theories-utilitarianism, deontological ethics and virtue ethics to comment the association of professional ethics and analyze the benefit and deficit. The professional utilitarianism can improve only the modern tendency of searching happiness and value, we need the utilitarianism and deontological ethics for promoting and transferring. Doctor-patient relationship is one of the most attentively interpersonal relationships in the society. How to make improving which can be viewed as the following eight aspects: 1) democratic attitude of doctors and patients; 2) protecting patient's privacy; 3) intensify the consideration and understanding each other; 4) setting up training system of communicating skill for medical staff; 5) notify the importance of humanistic science; 6) help patient do self decision-making; 7) improve medical environment and policy; 8) avoid beneficial conflict. Well medically ethical performance makes the society more peaceful and smooth, and leads to the state of truth, wellness, beauty and perfection. The writer seriously points out the importance and urgency of the education of medical ethics in a society where medical system craves for improvement and consumerism prevails. From the perspective of medical education, medical practice is a lovely and helpful profession that cares about the patient’s life and death, pains and diseases. While studying outstanding professional medicine, the medical people should also cultivate their profound concern about human life as well as their compassion for human illness and suffering.

並列關鍵字

medical ethics ； doctor-patient relationship ； utilitarianism ； deontological ethics ； virtue ethics