臺灣1982-2007年溺水及梗塞窒息死亡趨勢分析

Mortality Trends of Drowning and Suffocation in Taiwan, 1982-2007

林佳欣(Chia-Hsin Lin) ； 白璐(Lu Pai) ； 高森永(Sen-Yeong Kao) ； 林金定(Jin-Ding Lin) ； 賴建丞(Chien-Cheng Lai) ； 簡戊鑑(Wu-Chien Chien)

《北市醫學雜誌》 7卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 41-52

摘要

目的：探討台灣地區溺水及梗塞窒息之死亡率，在各年齡層、性別及月份的分布與長期趨勢。方法：本研究以1982-2007年衛生署公佈的「死因統計」資料，分別計算並探討「溺水」及「梗塞窒息」之長期趨勢。結果：1982至2007年合計有38,588人死於「溺水與梗塞窒息」，其中溺水死亡者佔76.1%。溺水死亡率為每十萬人5.35，男性死亡率為女性的3.1倍，「1-4歲」兒童及「75歲以上」老人為高危險族群，月份以6月至9月死亡率最高；整體而言，1982至2007年溺水死亡率呈下降趨勢。梗塞窒息死亡率為每十萬人1.68，各類梗塞男性死亡率均大於女性，「異物梗塞」及「食物梗塞」的高危險族群皆為「1歲以下」嬰兒及「80歲以上」老人，而「機械性窒息」高危險群為「1歲以下」嬰兒；整體而言，從1982至2007年，僅「異物梗塞」呈顯著上升趨勢，其餘皆下降。結論：台灣地區1982至2007年，溺水死亡呈下降趨勢，但仍必須針對高危險族群進行合適的防制計畫；而梗塞窒息必須多注意嬰兒及老人。另外，異物梗塞呈現上升趨勢，相關單位必須加強防制。

關鍵字

溺水 ； 梗塞窒息 ； 死亡率 ； 死因統計 ； 長期趨勢

並列摘要

Objectives: To examine the national trends for drowning and suffocation mortality in Taiwan by sex, age, and cause between 1982 and 2007. Methods: Mortality data were obtained from official publications on vital statistics from 1982 to 2007 in order to determine the trends. Results: There were 38,588 deaths as a result of drowning or suffocation during the 26-year study period (drowning 76.1%; suffocation 23.9%). The mortality rate due to drowning was 5.35 per 100,000 and three times more males died of drowning than females. Children aged 1 to 4 years and elderly persons aged 75 years and above were the drowning high risk groups. The drowning deaths occurred mostly from June through September. During the study period, drowning mortality rates could be seen to decline. The mortality rate due to suffocation was 1.68 per 100,000, and the mortality rate among males was higher than among females. For suffocation by food, among infants under 1 year and among persons aged over 80 of age were the high risk areas. For mechanical suffocation, infants under 1 year had the highest mortality rate. In general, over the study period, mortality due to suffocation by an object had significantly increased, while the other types had declined. Conclusions: Over the 26-year study period, there was a decline in drowning mortality rates, but prevention is obviously still needed. Infants and the elderly need to be targeted in order to reduce death by suffocation. Furthermore, the mortality rate due to suffocation by object increased over the study period and therefore more effort is need to develop appropriate prevention programs in this area.

並列關鍵字

drowning ； suffocation ； mortality rate ； vital statistics ； trend