國小學童近視之相關因子

Factors Associated with Myopia in Elementary School Students

謝佩玲(Pei-Lin Hsieh) ； 吳佳玲(Chia-Ling Wu) ； 廖梨伶(Li-Ling Liao) ； 陳敏麗(Min-Li Chen) ； 牛玉珍(Yu-Zhen Niu) ； 周明慧(Ming-Huey Jou) ； 張麗春(Li-Chun Chang)

《北市醫學雜誌》 12卷2期 (2015/06) Pp. 68-78

https://doi.org/10.6200/TCMJ.2015.12.2.08

摘要

目的：分析國小三至五年級學童視力不良資料、盛行率、相關因素與控制近視的成效。方法：擷取北市某國小119位五年級學生自100至102學年間的健康檢查資料，進行次級資料分析。結果：該群學童裸視視力不良率在三年級上學期時為48.7%，到五下時已達74.8%；三至五年級之近視盛行率分別為24.4%、57.2%、68.1%，兩年間增加32.8%。不管接受何種近視控制行為下，學生在四到五年級間的度數仍呈增加情形，個人平均增加57.59度（0.5759 D）。每日戶外活動≧120分鐘及使用電子產品＜2小時是學童發生近視的保護因子。結論：推行校園視力保健計畫時，應視學童不同需求有所區隔，教育單位應落實增加戶外活動及定期篩檢與追蹤，醫療單位應強化定期就醫與度數控管，才能有效達預防近視發生與達到控度防盲的護眼目標。

關鍵字

近視 ； 回溯性研究 ； 學童 ； 視力保健

並列摘要

Objective: To analyze the prevalence, related factors, and efficacy of control of myopia in 3rd to 5th grade children of an elementary school. Methods: The 5th grade health examination data of 119 children of an elementary school in Taipei between 2011 and 2013 academic year were claimed for secondary data analysis. Results: The impaired rate of uncorrected visual acuity among the children increased from 48.7% in the first semester at 3rd grade to 74.8% in the second semester at 5th grade. The prevalence of myopia was 24.4%, 57.2%, and 68.1% in the 3rd, 4th and 5th grade, respectively. It increased 32.8% between the two years. Myopia degree increased from 4th to 5th grade regardless the types of myopia control behavior, with an average of 0.5759 diopter. Daily outdoor activity of more than 120 minutes and electronics usage of less than 2 hour were protective factors of myopia. Conclusion: School children vision health care should be implemented according to students' need. Educational units should put outdoor activity programs, vision screening and follow-ups into effect, while medical institutions should strengthen regular doctor visits and myopia controls to prevent students from myopia or getting worse.

並列關鍵字

myopia ； retrospective study ； school children ； vision health care