- 期刊
英美刑罰發展與台灣經驗之探究：一個批判性的分析
The Development of Penality in the USA and UK and the Investigation of Taiwanese Experience-A Critical Analysis
摘要
我國近年來刑事政策逐漸趨於嚴格，除了刑法修改提高假釋修改門檻，行政院咨請立法院的刑法修正條文，將有期徒刑上限由廿年提高到最高四十年，並加重累犯本刑的刑度，另一方面，法務部矯正司也規劃設立最高度安全戒護管理的的大型監獄。這樣的發展其實與英美晚近社會越趨於嚴格的刑事政策，所興起的主流「新刑罰學」的論述有著類似的經驗。尤其當在西方國家近二十年來，在刑罰的立論上被界定為倉庫化管理的時代，其刑罰的政策突顯出壓迫與嚴厲的意識型態，英美國家甚至被指稱正處於刑事上的倒退時期。本文企圖從鉅觀的層面探討英美刑罰發展背後的運作邏輯與意識型態，彼此間的交互作用，以及探討新刑罰學論述的觀點、技術、策略，並提出全球化刑罰論述概念與後殖民宰制與依賴的關係架構來分析分析台灣刑罰的經驗如何受到主要來自美國刑罰發展的深刻影響，尤其當英美國家的刑事司法系統被批評扮演社會排除的機制，將社會中麻煩的、危險的人口給隔離於社會之外，更應該深思從晚近台灣社會的發展，社會的弱勢族群使否也成為在排除的機制中刑事司法系統所處理的主要對象，造成大量監禁的社會現象。本篇論文希冀以批判分析的角度提供一個新的論述視野。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
This paper demonstrates that the alarming rise in prison populations, and the deployment of increasingly coercive policing techniques and policies signify a change of direction in the contemporary Western approach to punishment. There is a turn of penal development which has been characterized by a tendency to cloak penal philosophy in a system of penal rhetoric. A new penology claiming the importance of ”risk management” on criminal intervention has been gradually welcomed to academics and practitioners. The paper investigates that the Taiwanese experience in penal development bears a lot of similarities with Western types in terms of criminal justice policies, penal sanction, prison management, and prison architecture. To explain these, the analytical frameworks of globalized penalty and post-colonialism shaping domination/subordination relations are helpful for further understanding. In particular, consideration is needed on how the penal rhetoric and discourse of non-Western countries are affected and guided by Western penal ideas and technologies. Thus caution should be exercised in regard to whether the Taiwanese penal experience may also function as a social exclusion as well as those western examples, by following their steps with no doubt. It is hoped that this paper can offer a different landscape in analyzing and discussing for the field of penology and punishment.