The Dynamic Relationships between Parenting and Adolescent Delinquency: A Group-Based Model Approach

父母教養與青少年偏差行爲的長期動態關聯：一個群組成長軌跡模型

陳易甫(Yi-Fu Chen) ； 吳齊殷(Chyi-In Wu) ； 林桂綉(Kuei-Hsiu Lin)

《犯罪與刑事司法研究》 12期 (2009/03) Pp. 59-100

https://doi.org/10.29861/CCJI.200903.0003

摘要

這篇論文從Patterson 和Moffitt 的偏差類型(types of delinquents)的架構出發去探討父母教養與青少年偏差行爲之間的動態關聯。我們試圖回答下列兩個問題：台灣的青少年偏差者呈現幾種的成長軌跡類型？從縱貫的觀點來看，父母教養與青少年偏差行爲以及其成長軌跡的類型有何關聯？採用中研院社會學研究所的一項長期追蹤調查，這篇文章利用PROC TRAJ這個SAS的巨集程式進行資料分析。研究結果顯示台灣青年的偏差行爲在爲期五年的時間內呈現兩群的發展類型：早發型和晚發型。其分類以及每個類型佔樣本的比例皆與既有的理論相符合。在探討父母教養與偏差行爲的動態關係分析上，研究結果顯示正面和負面的教養行爲皆顯著地影響偏差的成長軌跡。然而，對於不同的偏差成長軌跡類型，父母教養行爲具有不同的影響力和影響模式(patterns)。對晚發型的青少年來說，父母教養在青少年時期產生最大的效果。而對早發型的青少年來說，父母教養則是在每個時間點皆具有明顯的影響力。作者們依據此一研究結果提供家庭與偏差行爲研究者建議。

關鍵字

偏差類型 ； 群集爲基底的模式 ； 隨時間變動的共變項 ； 父母教養

並列摘要

Parenting has been found as a key factor for influencing adolescent delinquency. Past studies have shown that adolescents who expose to higher level of warmth, induction, and monitoring parenting would less likely be delinquents. However, most of these studies present the relationship between parenting and adolescent delinquency statically. That is, researchers show parenting measured at one time predicts adolescent delinquency at the same time or the other time. Researchers seldom demonstrate whether the change of parenting over time influences the change of adolescent delinquency.
Theories of types of delinquents propose two types of delinquents in offender population (Patterson et al., 1992; Moffitt, 1993, 1997). Early starters show their delinquency in late childhood and persist into adulthood, while late starters show the behavior during mid-adolescence and desist after this period. Although researchers propose several predictions for distinguish types of delinquents and for explaining their developmental trajectories, parenting is the key factor among them. In predictor analysis, ineffective parenting in late childhood interacts with child's early temperament problems producing early starters. Several studies have demonstrated this argument (Fergusson et al., 2000; Nagin and Land, 1993; Wiesner and Silbereisen, 2003). In within delinquent group analysis, parenting has long been demonstrated its impact on adolescent delinquency (Lin, 2002). However, there is no research that systematically explores the relationship between parenting and delinquency over time under types of delinquents framework. In this study, we ask: How the change of parenting influences delinquent trajectories over time? Is there difference between different types of delinquents?
Using 5-year panel data of adolescents in Taiwan, current study started from types of delinquents argument and provided a group-based model to distinguish groups of delinquents. Based on the delinquent groups, we presented a time-varying model for exploring the dynamic relationship between parenting and delinquent trajectories. The results showed two offender groups in the sample and correspond to theories of types of delinquents. We also found the dynamic effect of parenting over time when predicting delinquent trajectories. The parenting showed its prominent effect for late starters in the later waves, while for early starters parenting had intervention effect at every time point.

並列關鍵字

types of delinquents ； group-based model ； time-varying covariates ； Parenting