美中戰略競爭環境下印度的機遇與挑戰

美國在《印太戰略報告》中明確指出印太地區面臨越來越多的挑戰，尤其中國正在運用其政治、外交、經濟、軍事、技術等力量，在印太地區佔領勢力範圍，威脅世界秩序、安全、繁榮及自由。從「地緣戰略」的角度，美國必須限制中國海權的發展，才能有效遏制中國的崛起。印度位於印度洋和太平洋的關鍵地理位置，使印度成為美中戰略競爭的決定性因素之一。2018年美國將太平洋司令部改名為「印太司令部」（United States Indo-Pacific Command，USINDOPACOM），意圖擴大對中國的包圍圈，印度也成為美國印太戰略中的重要成員，印度被寄予厚望能制衡中國，並替代中國成為世界製造中心，印度關鍵地理位置及政經潛力即將迎來超越中國機遇。美國所推動的美、中「2021戰略競爭法案」可視為印度發展的機會。印度外交政策的選擇則將決定其能否從區域大國邁向全球大國。

關鍵字

印太戰略；經濟；軍事；安全

並列摘要

The U.S. makes clear in the "Indo-Pacific Strategy Report" that the Indo- Pacific region faces increasing challenges. In particular, China is using its political, diplomatic, economic, military, technological and other powers to occupy spheres of influence in the Indo-Pacific region, thereby threatening world order, security, prosperity and freedom. From the perspective of "geostrategy", the United States must limit the development of China's sea power in order to effectively contain China's rise. India's key geographical location in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean makes India one of the decisive factors in the strategic competition between the United States and China. In 2018, the United States renamed the Pacific Command the "United States Indo-Pacific Command" (USINDOPACOM), intending to expand the encirclement of China, and India has also become an important member of the US Indo-Pacific strategy. India is highly expected to check and balance China and replace China as the world's manufacturing center. At this time, India's key geographical location and political and economic potential usher in an opportunity to surpass China. The US-China Strategic Competition Act of 2021 promoted by the US can be seen as an opportunity for India's development. The choice of India's foreign policy will determine whether it can move from a regional power to a global power.