健康素養與飲食行為的知行不一：以高學歷女青年為例之探究

The Knowledge-Behavior Gap between Health Literacy and Diet: An Exploratory Study on Highly Educated Female Youth

林之丞(Chih-Cheng Lin) ； 何青蓉(Ching-Jung Ho)

《健康管理學刊》 16卷2期 (2018/12) Pp. 15-36

摘要

本研究意圖了解健康素養與飲食行為知行不一之影響因素。首先透過問卷調查，發現此現象的確存在，又特別於碩士以上高學歷之成人最為明顯。接續，本研究徵選願意接受進一步訪談之健康素養高於平均且健康行為低於平均者之碩士以上學歷女青年，透過訪談以深入了解健康素養與飲食行為落差之情況。結果發現，此現象之原因可分為社會因素與個人因素。社會因素主要為不健康的飲食環境，內涵為原生家庭飲食習慣不佳、同儕影響不健康飲食、媒體傳播不健康飲食、消費環境不利健康飲食。個人因素強化不健康的飲食行為，包括：從日常飲食被排除的蔬果、食物之社交與撫慰功能、個體缺少足夠動機改變飲食行為。本研究初步提出一健康素養與飲食行為知行不一的概念架構，未來可依此概念架構，進行更深入之調查，藉以對健康素養與飲食行為之關係有更多理解。

關鍵字

健康素養 ； 飲食行為 ； 知行不一 ； 成人健康 ； 高學歷女性

並列摘要

Previous studies have indicated that adequate health literacy does not guarantee proper eating behavior; there a knowledge-behavior gap exists between health literacy and eating behavior. This study attempts to elucidate the causes of this phenomenon. We first conducted a pilot survey to confirm the existence of the knowledge-behavior gap and found that individuals with a master's degree or higher are prone to appear the gap. Then, a subsample of six highly-educated female participants with high average score on health literacy and low average on eating behavior was subsequently interviewed. The interviews reveal that the knowledge-behavior gap is caused by social and personal factors. Social factors, constructing an unhealthy diet environment, include poor eating habits from family of origin, peer influences on unhealthy food choices; media promote unhealthy food, and unhealthy food environment. Personal factors facilitating unhealthy eating include ignoring vegetables and fruits, social and hedonic effects of unhealthy food, and insufficient motivation to change. We thereby propose an exploratory conceptual framework of the knowledge-behavior gap between health literacy and diet for further investigation.

並列關鍵字

health literacy ； eating behavior ； knowledge-behavior gap ； adult health ； highly-educated female