This study was to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among primary school children in the central region of Pingtung County. The time period was from November 2010 to January 2011, totally recruiting 3,828 primary school children from 10 different townships. The samples were collected by using adhesive cellophane tape perianal swabs for two consecutive days and all the examinations were done by certified medical technologists. The prevalence was different in the 10 areas (0.68-8.86%, Chi-square p=0.001) and the overall prevalence was 2.98%. A significantly higher prevalence was found in boys (3.49%) than in girls (2.42%) and the prevalence decreased by higher grades from 4.26% in the first grade students to 1.84% in the fourth grade students. Based on the obtaining data, we found that the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection in the remote areas of central Pingtung primary schools remains high and does indicate the necessity to pay more attention in those areas.