以縱貫式方法（追蹤一年）探究九歲女童投擲距離表現相關因素

The Critical Factos of Over-arm Throwing Performance for Girls Aged 9yrs Old by Applying Longitudinal Research (One Year)

邱文信(Wen-Hsin Chiu) ； 劉亞文(Ya-Wen Liu)

《育達學院學報》 7期 (2004/05) Pp. 243-262

https://doi.org/10.7074/YDAJ.200405.0243

摘要

投擲是早期人類求生存的基本技能，亦是人類動作發展當中很重要的指標。好的過肩投擲不只是手臂力量的發揮，更是投擲者身體的統整表現。本研究以苗栗縣海口國小9歲女童為受試對象，每三個月追蹤一次，合計四次之追蹤資料共60筆，採用一部數位攝影機與投擲動作順序技巧發展表為主要研究工具，並收集學童們過肩投擲技巧認知、肌力發展、身體成長等等資料，以Pearson相關（α=0.5）檢驗這些因素與過肩投擲動作距離表現之間的關係，以平均數看年齡之間的差異，以逐步向後迴歸檢驗上述變數解釋投擲變化情形之解釋變異量，以期提供國小教師在投擲動作上教學的參考。本研究受試對象適能常模均在全國學童標準之內（參照九十年度國民體適能常模）。研究結果發現：
一、就單項年齡層方面的九歲女童而言，只有肌力（ 三十公尺衝刺跑）和投擲距離表現有相關；投擲技巧和投擲距離無相關；9歲女童社會因素和投擲距離表現不相關；投擲自覺能力和投擲距離無相關，同時由造成九歲女童的投擲距離變化的各項變數組成的迴歸方程式的解釋變異量超過50%，顯示了這些變數大致上可以解釋九歲女童投擲距離變化的原因。
二、跨年齡層發展的投擲距離表現相關因素
本段落將追蹤一年的資料與跨越年齡層發展的投擲距離表現資料結合來討論跨年齡層發展的投擲距離表現相關因素，在九歲女童方面，只有在投擲距離上有顯著進步，認知技巧、跑步以及家庭成員運動態些微進步，其餘變數變化不大。

關鍵字

過肩投擲動作技巧 ； 過肩投擲技巧認知 ； 肌力發展 ； 社會因素

並列摘要

Throwing is a common movement among the upper extremities activities. In order to realize the development of throwing distance and related factors that were associated with throwing distance, we tried to trace the developmental trend of every age from last year to this year (three month period). Except for using cross-sectional analysis, the study also examed these performance change of these subjects during a year by applying longitudinal analysis.
This purpose of the study was to find out the critical factors that was associated with throwing distance performance including throwing skill ( including each segment skill ) , throwing skill recognition, psychological factor ( self-ability competence ), strength (30 meters sprint and sits up ), social effect ( environmental effect and regular activities ).
15 girls, aged 9 years old , from September, 2002 to April, 2003, voluntarily participated in the study. The study collected the data of 60 people. Each subject threw tennis ball as hard as he/she could toward forward area. The relationship between these critical factors and throwing distance was also examined by Pearson correlation ( p＜.05) . We used backward-step regression to exam how much these factors could explain the change of throwing distance. Furthermore, we compared the difference among ages by mean.
The result of the research was as follows :
1. The related factors which were associated with throwing distance in single age.
The strength was associated with throwing distance. The other factors including throwing skill, throwing skill recognition, psychological factor ( self-ability competence ) , social effect ( environmental effect and regular activities ) weren’t also associated with throwing distance. The R Square of the regression of girls aged 9 year-old is over 50%. These results also mean these variabilities could explain most of the change of throwing distance of girls aged 10 year-old.
2. The related factors those were associated with throwing distance in different age.
The passage would connect the data that traced for a year to discuss the change of factors. Except for the throwing distance achieving great advancement and throwing skill recognition and running achieving little advancement, the change of other factors weren’t significant.

並列關鍵字

The developmental skill patterns of children's throwing ； self-ability ； recognition test ； environmental influence ； regular activities ； strength