「假借→轉注→形聲」新論－以「或」字家族為例

本文分兩部分：第一部分以一代女皇是個造字迷作引子，說明她對會意字情有獨鍾是不合漢字發展趨勢與潮流的。因爲會意造字法的造字幅度畢竟有其極限。她之所以如此著迷，起因是由於被「惑」所困，此乃人之常情。而「或」、「惑」兩字，表面上屬同音，審其本義卻完全不同。第二部分，藉由對「或」字家族的歸納分析，說明「或」字家族「假借泛濫、轉注出馬、形聲當道」之來龍去脈，證明「或」字家族的產生來自轉注造字，以解「轉注不能造字」之惑。而轉注造字之方法與功能可簡明歸納如下： 1.轉注造字顯復「或」之原始義：「或」＋「口」→「國」 2.轉注造字固定「或」之引申義：「或」＋「土」→「域」 3.轉注造字決定「或」之假借義：「或」＋「心」→「惑」表一三代之「或」字家族(表格略) 表二「或」字家族轉注造字表解(表格略)

關鍵字

轉注；假借；形聲；家族；或

並列摘要

This paper includes two parts. It first presents the fact that huì-yì, or Knowing, is not a main trend in the development of Chinese characters. Although the Chinese Empress had her mystification of huì-yì, it did not override its limitation in creating new words. As a matter of fact, huì-yì was a side-product as a result from her confusion of the two characters ｢惑｣ and ｢或｣. They may look similar in shape but differ in meaning. Then, in the second part, through the analysis of the word group of｢或｣, which tends to be verwhelmed with Jia-Jie or Borrowing, this paper aims to explicate that the ｢或｣family is originated from zhuǎn-zhù, or Synonym. This may explain why zhuǎn-zhù does not have the capacity of creating new words. Methods and functions of zhuǎn-zhù are described as follows. However, the Female Emperor's Mystification in the character ”huò”(惑) is mainly aroused from the shape because the character of; additionally, the two word shave the same sound but different meanings. 1. It recovers the original meaning of the character ｢或｣: ｢或｣ (huò; region)+｢口｣ (square)→｢國｣ (guó; country) 2. It establihes the extensive meaning of a newly-coined word: ｢或｣ (huò; region)+｢土｣ (earth)→｢域｣ (yù ;territory) 3. It solidifies the borrowed meaning: ｢或｣ (huò; region)+｢心｣ (heart)→｢惑｣ (huò; puzzlement) Table 1: The Three Generations of the Family of ｢或｣ (The form abridges) Table 2: The zhuǎn-zhù (轉注) Words of ｢或｣ (The form abridges)