中國古村落旅遊之現狀、問題及未來策略

Strategies of the Traditional Village Tourism in China: Present, Problem and Future

劉沛林(Pei-Lin Liu) ； 申秀英(Xiu-Ying Shen)

《真理觀光學報》 2期 (2004/09) Pp. 37-57

https://doi.org/10.6438/TOJT.200409.0037

摘要

保存至今的數以千計的中國古村落是中華文化的瑰寶。隨著中國經濟的快速發展，20世紀90年代以來，這些古村落逐漸成爲“鄉村旅遊”、“休閒旅遊”重要的旅遊目的地，吸引了海內外大量遊客。由於起步晚、基礎差等原因，中國古村落旅遊的發展存在著許多問題，如：經營體制不順，利益分配不均，風貌損毀嚴重，忽視社區參與，基礎設施落後，環境質量欠佳，交通相對閉塞，管理效益偏低，等等。針對這些問題，本文提出了一系列相應的解決策略：1)在政策導向上，強調政府引導，市場主導，2)在經營體制上，提倡多元融資結構，多種所有制形式，3)在利益分配上，主張社區參與，村民與企業共同受益，4)在發展目標上，強調加強古村落遺產和風貌保護，實現鄉村旅遊可持續發展，5)在發展模式上，提倡因地制宜，找准路子，6)在內部管理上，要求強化標準，做到環境有序。

關鍵字

古村落 ； 鄉村旅遊 ； 休閒旅遊 ； 遺產

並列摘要

In China, hundreds of very old and well-preserved traditional villages are rare and beautiful examples of Chinese culture. With the rapid growth of Chinese economy, these traditional villages have become attractive to many domestic and foreign tourists who wish to engage in a ”rural tour” or a ”leisure tour” since the beginning of the 1990s. Owing to lack of well-infrastructure and a delayed development initiative, the village tourism has confronted quite a few problems, such as inefficient administrative mechanism, inequity in sharing benefits, damage to the original state, community participation being ignored, poorly-developed infrastructure, low environmental quality, poor transportation and communication, and limited productivity from improper management, etc. Targeting these problems, the author proposes a set of operational strategies, which include the following: 1) stressing the role of government leadership in parallel with local market forces; 2) advocating diversity of investment and mixed forms of ownership; 3) suggesting community participation and benefit sharing; 4) on the objectives, improving the protection of the village heritage, that is, its traditional flavour while maintaining the sustainable development; 5) seeking proper measures to adapt to the heritage village tourism; 6) for an administrative management, requiring to follow international standards for tourism enterprises, and for the environment. These strategies would be effective solutions for the sustainable development of Chinese Traditional Village Tourism which has become a new avenue for tourism, and which has a definite economic potential for the future.

並列關鍵字

Traditional Village ； Rural Tourism ； Leisure Tourism ； Heritage

參考文獻

日本觀光資源保護財團、路秉傑翻譯(1991)。歷史文化城鎮保護。北京:中國建築工業出版社。

北京大學地理系(1988)。楠溪江風景名勝區總體規劃。永嘉縣人民政府。

李凡、金忠民(2002)。旅遊對皖南古村落影響的比較研究－以西遞、宏村和南屏爲例。人文地理。17(5)，7-20。

汪昱仁、劉惠國(2003)。農村旅遊地審美環境營造之探討。真理觀光學報。1(1)，23-38。

角媛梅、程國楝、蕭篤寧(2002)。哈尼梯田文化景觀及其保護研究。地理研究。21(6)，734-741。