試析梁啟超和嚴復對《老子》評價之歧異

The Differences of Commentaries on Lao Zi from Liang Qichao and Yan Fu

李慶國(Qing-Guo Li)

《先秦兩漢學術》 2期 (2004/09) Pp. 57-74

https://doi.org/10.29443/TLXQHD.200409.0003

摘要

梁啟超和嚴復都是中國近代具有深遠影響的啟蒙思想家，也是自覺接受西學、大力引進西學的先覺的知識界代表人物。他們以西學為參照系反觀中國傳統文化，尋求中、西學二者的交融會通，並為更新中國傳統文化作出了巨大的貢獻。然而，由於他們西學素養和政治理念的差異，因而在審視和評估中國傳統文化上也出現了諸多歧見。本文僅以梁啟超和嚴復對老子學說的評價為例，對他們關於《老子》的論述進行疏理和闡釋，進而分析和比較他們對《老子》評價之歧異，探討這些歧異產生的歷史文化背景和思想方法因素，並對他們在評價《老子》中的得失與偏頗予以總結。

關鍵字

梁啟超 ； 嚴復 ； 老子 ； 政治理念 ； 評價 ； 歧異

並列摘要

Liang Qichao (1873-1929) and Yan Fu (1854-1921) was celebrated thinkers with substantial influences on modern Chinese thought, both accepted and imported into China western learning intentionally. They made reflective thinking on traditional Chinese culture from western perspectives, determined to quest for a thorough coalescence of Chinese and western learnings, and made outstanding contributions in refreshing traditional Chinese culture. Though they were common in the above grounds, Liang and Yan had very different views on traditional Chinese culture because of their difference western background and political beliefs.This paper focuses on Liang’s and Yan’s commentaries on Lao Zi as an example, in order to analyze and compare the differences in their discussions, to investigate reasons for the differences, i.e. , their methods of thinking, their historical and cultural backgrounds. At the end of this paper, a critical comment will be made on their discussions, and their contributions and limitations will be pointed out.

並列關鍵字

Liang Qichao ； Yan Fu ； Lao Zi ； Political belief ； Commentaries ； Differences