段注《說文》會意有輕重之商兌

A Critical Review of Duan Yucai' Commentaries on the Shuowen Jiezi : Distinction between Primary and Derivate Approaches in Analysis of Complex Ideograms

蔡信發(Tsai Shin-fa)

《先秦兩漢學術》 3期 (2005/03) Pp. 25-37

https://doi.org/10.29443/TLXQHD.200503.0002

摘要

段氏注《說文》「吏」字，謂「凡字有用六書之一者，有兼六書之二者」，致有「會意兼形聲」之說，使會意、形聲之界為之不明。又其注「从某某，某亦聲」之字，視為會意兼形聲，而《說文》歸部該類之字，一旦違例，段氏即以會意有輕重、主從說之，然考其所重所主，乃聲符，非形符，又細究其說，辨析其例，實是曲護《說文》分部之短，全屬主觀論定，雅不足取。

關鍵字

許慎 ； 段玉裁 ； 會意兼形聲

並列摘要

In Duan Yucai's annotations to the character li (＂official＂) in the Shuowen Jiezi, he states ＂if a character is classified as belonging to one of six techniques＂ (liu shu) typology concerning character formation, and it also has a dual classification.＂ This is explained as ＂combined ideograms and pictophonetics＂, which blurs the boundary between ideograms and pictophonetics . Some of Duan's explanations of characters are also of the form ＂if the pictophonetic character combines X and Y, it also have the ＂sound＂ aspect governed by V's phonetic ＂, which resembles the＂ ideographic meaning that has an associated sound part,＂ explanation in the Shuowen. However, where the classifications in the Shuowen are inconsistent, Duan explains it by claiming that complex ideograms can be analyzed into primary and derivate . Careful consideration of the elements he describes as primary shows that they are in fact sound concordance, not pictographs concordance. Closer investigation of his explanations and analysis of the characters he chooses to annotate reveals that Duan is actually defending the classification shortcomings of the Shuowen . This form of argument, in which everything is subordinated to a subjective viewpoint, is ultimately incorrect.

並列關鍵字

Xu Shen ； Duan Yucai ； combined ideograms and pictophonetics