屈原的審美觀及〈離騷〉的「奇」、「豔」之美

Qu Yuan's Aesthetics and the Beauty of "Marvelousness" and "Gorgeousness"in "The Lament"

陳怡良(Yi-Liang Chen)

《先秦兩漢學術》 5期 (2006/03) Pp. 1-54

https://doi.org/10.29443/TLXQHD.200603.0001

摘要

屈原是一位「絕世之奇人」，一位民族詩人，愛國詩人，亦是正史上首位之文學家。其一生歷程，坎坷苦難，有血有淚，可謂「絕世之奇事」。亦因其有「絕世之奇才」，乃有「絕世之奇文」〈離騷〉以出。古今學者，對詩人讚譽有加，或稱頌「千古奇人」（明．李陳玉《楚辭箋注》）、「千古忠臣」（明．黃文煥《楚辭聽直》），或譽為「中國文章之祖」（劉師培《論文雜記》），足以垂之不朽，而與日月爭光。以屈原雖無美學專著，亦非建構有體系之美學理論，然其實在屈原之作品中，卻完全呈現其美學理念，且具有豐富而精闢，充實而生動之潛在美學特徵，在先秦美學史上，獨樹一幟。個人參酌楚辭學者之灼見，及研讀心得，將屈原之審美觀，舉其顯著而犖犖大者，歸納出六項，即：（一）發憤賦詩與創新文體之和諧結合。（二）內美與外美之和諧結合。（三）人格美與自然美之和諧結合。（四）感性美與理性美之和諧結合。（五）優美與壯美之和諧結合。（六）理想美與現實美之和諧結合。另探討者，是歷代學者，均以「奇」與「豔」，讚賞〈離騷〉之特色，惜皆語焉未詳，個人乃自不同之角度，重新予以詮釋、探究，經分析與研判後，亦歸納較顯著者，其中「奇」者，含：體裁奇、立意奇、結構奇、情節奇、手法奇。「豔」者，含：心靈美、語言美、感情美、想像美、意象美等，分別論述。

關鍵字

屈原 ； 離騷 ； 審美觀 ； 奇 ； 豔

並列摘要

Qu Yuan is considered ”a marvelous figure exclusively in his times”-a national poet, a patriotic poet, and the first literary man officially recorded in Chinese history. Throughout his life, he had suffered hardships and struggles in tears and blood. His life can be seen as ”a marvelous story exclusively in his times.” Owing to his ”marvelous talent,” he came up with his marvelous work-”The Lament” (Li Sao). Scholars in ancient and current times have held him in high esteem, hailing him as ”a marvelous figure for thousands of years” (Remarks and Footnotes to Chu Chi, Li Chen-Yu, Ming Dynasty), as ”a loyal official” (Chu Chi Ting Chi, Huang Wen-Huan, Ming Dynasty), or as ”the father of Chinese literary composition” (Miscellaneous Notes on Essays). His literary accomplishments are eternally sustainable and brilliant, comparable to the lights of the sun and moon.Despite the fact that Qu Yuan neither produced any books on aesthetics nor constructed any system of aesthetic theory, his works demonstrate comprehensively his aesthetics, which is composed of potential aesthetic features that are diversifying, penetrating, fulfilling and lively, distinguishing itself in the pre-Chin history of fine arts. Based on the opinions of the Chu Chi scholars and my study experiences, the features of Qu Yuan's aesthetics, the remarkable and major ones, can be classified into six categories: (1) a harmonious combination of inspiring poetry of resolution and creative literary form, (2) a harmonious combination of internal beauty and external beauty, (3) a harmonious combination of personal integrity and natural beauty, (4) a harmonious combination of sense and sensibility, (5) a harmonious combination of gracefulness and grandeur, and (6) a harmonious combination of idealization and reality. Meanwhile, scholars, past and present, have always praised The Lament or Li Sao for its characteristics of ”marvelousness” and ”gorgeousness.” However, the two given terms have not been sufficiently elaborated. Thus this study was intended to interpret and explore them from various perspectives. As a result of analyses and research, the interpretation has been reached that the characteristic of ”marvelousness” in Li Sao can be observed from its format, creativity, structure, plot and writing technique while that of ”gorgeousness” lies in its spirituality, language, emotion, and imagery.

並列關鍵字

Qu Yuan ； "The Lament (Li Sao)" ； Aesthetics ； Marvelousness ； Gorgeousness