《詩經》的古音學價值

On the Value of "Shi Jing" to the Studies of Ancient Chinese Phonology

鄭張尚芳(Shang-Fang Zheng Zhang)

《先秦兩漢學術》 9期 (2008/03) Pp. 33-42

https://doi.org/10.29443/TLXQHD.200803.0002

摘要

傳統的先秦古音研究原是以《詩經》韻部研究為中心發展起來的，聲母研究不免薄弱，後來補加諧聲互證而獲進展。新的科學的古音研究，更重建了上古完整音節擬音，這種音節擬音仍然需要通過《詩經》驗證。《詩經》的詩體語言不但在韻腳、音步上提供當時的音節情況，其文本的眾多異文也透露了聲韻母中前冠、後墊、附尾存在複輔音的情況，連讀合音情況等，本文舉出〈關雎〉首三章的擬音，及「抑－懿」通假、「蘇－御」、「會師、會咿－瓠犀」通假、「言－我乃」合音等語例，各各闡述其對上古擬音的作用，說明《詩經》文本在上古音研究上有著無可替代的價值。

關鍵字

上古音節 ； 前冠 ； 附尾 ； 連讀 ； 合音

並列摘要

The traditional study of the pre-Qin sound system focuses more on the rhyme, so the research of the onset, the other subsyllabic composition, is inevitably not sufficient. Solid development has been gained with the help from techniques such as homophony. The recent study on the ancient phonology reconstructs the imitative sounds for all the ancient Chinese syllables, but they still need to be examined and analyzed by using the ”Shi Jing”. The poetic elements, such as rhyme and meter, in ”Shi Jing” are able to show how syllables are formed and uttered at that time; moreover, the text itself and its many versions also disclose how prefixes or suffixes are used in the initial and finals to make compound consonants and how liaison and phonetic contraction can be found. Some imitative sounds in the first three chapters of ”Guan Jü” and examples of phonetic loan characters and phonetic contraction are used in the paper to illustrate their functions and explain how valuable Shi Jing is to the study of ancient Chinese phonology.

並列關鍵字

ancient Chinese syllables ； prefix ； suffix ； liaison ； phonetic contraction