漢代讖、緯分合演變考

A Study on the Evolution of Chenwei in Han Dynasty

張峰屹(Feng-Yi Zhang)

《先秦兩漢學術》 18期 (2012/09) Pp. 41-75

https://doi.org/10.29443/TLXQHD.201209.0002

摘要

本文以兩漢為中心時段，上溯先秦，下及魏初，詳考讖緯思潮之發生發展軌迹，得出以下幾個觀點：（1）讖驗觀念始自遠古，至漢末一直存續，從未間斷。（2）讖至漢初，發生一新變：與經牽合互釋。此一現象肇始於文帝時，至漢末一直存在。（3）東漢明、章之後，以白虎觀經學討論會所形成的《白虎通》為標誌，確立經讖互釋為正統思想。而其遠源，乃在漢初。（4）考察讖緯之發生發展演變史，實則有讖而無緯。東漢後期之所謂緯，實即讖；稱之為緯，乃圖讖學者自我高尚耳。（5）歷來通行之「讖緯始自衷、平之際」的說法，不僅曲解了張衡，也淆亂了讖、緯之概念，更與西漢思想發展實際不符。

關鍵字

漢代 ； 讖緯 ； 演變

並列摘要

In this essay, the origination and evolution of the Conception of Chenwei from Pre-Qin Dynasty, especially in Han Dynasty, and down to earlier period of Wei Dynasty is studied in detailed. From the study in this essay, we can draw several opinions as following: (1) The Conception of Chenwei originated in a rather ancient age. From that time on, it had lasted to the later period of Han Dynasty continuously. (2) In earlier period of Han Dynasty, Chen became relative to Jing. Chen and Jing were utilized to illuminate mutually. This change firstly took place in the age during Wen Emperor of Han Dynasty and had lasted to the later period of Han Dynasty. (3) The mutual illumination between Chen and Jing became orthodoxy in academic research field after Ming Emperor and Zhang Emperor of Eastern Han Dynasty. The sign of this situation is the advent of ”the Baihutong”, which was formed after the Confucian classics conference held in Baihu Temple. However, the origin of the mutual illumination between Chen and Jing could be proved to take place in earlier Han Dynasty. (4) In fact, when the evolution of Chenwei is studied, it can be derived that only the concept of Chen is reasonable. However, the concept of Wei is not. The so-called Wei in later period of Eastern Han Dynasty could be proved to be Chen. The reason why Chen in later period of Eastern Han Dynasty was named as Wei was that those scholars who researched Chen intended to make themselves to be over-respected. (5) The widely-accepted opinion on Chenwei, that Chenwei originated during the age of Emperor Ai and Emperor Ping, not only twists the authentic opinion held by Zhang Heng, but confuses the definitions of Chen and Wei as well. It does not fit the actual situation of the evolution of academic thoughts in Western Han Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Han Dynasty ； Chenwei ； Evolution