墨家「非樂」之藝術批判

The Critique of Art of Mocious' Condemnation of Music

蕭宏恩(Hung-En Hsiao)

《先秦兩漢學術》 20期 (2013/09) Pp. 105-118

摘要

墨家針對儒家之「樂」而非之，當然並不表示墨家無藝術觀、無樂之賞析。有學者以為那是墨家「觀點」問題，以致墨家在藝術層面的表達有所偏頗。然而，墨家所處之戰國時代，當時所謂之藝術活動，乃貴族所有，而以儒學為體，逸樂而不明百姓之苦，消耗更所以增添平民之負擔。除此之外，百姓之樂（ㄩㄝˋ）樂（ㄌㄜˋ）又何在？出於平民百姓之墨家深感於此，提出「非樂」作為治國之論的一環，而觀墨子之言，對於「藝術」或「走向平民」之藝術，自有其批判！因為任何論述之前，無論其論是否直接針對其相應之範疇，其本身必有其觀視與理念，以為其論之根基，否則也只是提出一些意見罷了！本文即企欲由墨家「非樂」之言談中，解析墨家對藝術或走向平民藝術之批判。

關鍵字

樂 ； 非樂 ； 藝術 ； 平民藝術 ； 百姓之樂（ㄩㄝˋ）樂（ㄌㄜˋ）

並列摘要

Mohists focus on condemnation of Confucianists' Music, but it does not indicate that Mohists do not have the view of art and the ability to appreciate music. Some scholars think that it is the problem of Mohists' view which results in a biased appreciation in art. Nevertheless, the so call gracious art and music activities that only belonged to the nobility and that was promoted by Confucianism at the time of Epoch of Warring could not help the elites understand the suffering of the general public. Instead such activities only burdened people at the time. As a result, how could ordinary people enjoy any kind of that music activity? Mohists who had a humble background felt deeply about this and put forth condemnation on music as one of the theories to govern a nation. In addition, viewing the theories of Mocious had his own critique about the art or the art moving toward the masses. Because a theory itself must have its dimension of view and idea as the fundamental ahead of any discussion whether its argument aims directly at the corresponding category or not, otherwise it would merely become some opinions. The paper attempts to analyze Mohists' critique of art or the art moving toward the masses among the discourses of condemnation of music.

並列關鍵字

Music ； Condemnation of Music ； Art ； Art ofthe Masses ； the People's Joy in Music