臺南白玉米族群於不同季節下各農藝性狀對產量的影響路徑分析

臺南白玉米族群為臺灣地區鮮食用之主要的地方品種，屬天然授粉族群。本研究以臺南白玉米族群為試驗材料，自1995年春至1996年秋共五季栽培於臺灣大學農業試驗場，利用路徑分析探討不同季節栽培下產量構成要素及生育前期性狀對產量的影響機制。臺南白族群之產量的影響路徑分析在不同季候下結果相似，均顯示臺南白族群以子實重受其產量構成要素之影響程度較小，而穗重受其產量構成要素之影響程度較大；子實性狀受前期果穗及植株性狀之影響程度較高，果穗性狀則受前期植株性狀之影響較小。雄穗開花日數及雌穗吐絲日數間以互相補償之機制對果穗及子實性狀造成影響，但是此在不同季節及不同性狀間之表現有差異。從路徑分析的結果顯示，若要增進臺南白玉米族群之子實產量，首要選拔果穗較重及果穗較長且粗者，並考慮子實較長及百粒重較大者。本研究之結論可提供臺南白玉米族群於栽培及育種工作之參考。

關鍵字

臺南白玉米；季節變異性；產量構成要素；生育前期性狀；路徑分析。

並列摘要

”Tainan-white” (TNW), an open-pollinated population, is the major table-use fresh maize variety in Taiwan. Path analysis was employed to study the covariation of seed yield with the agronomic characters determined in the early growing stages, and yield components for TNW grown under different crop seasons. Plants of TNW were grown in the experimental field of Taiwan University in Taipei from the spring crop of 1995 to the fall crop of 1996. There were five planting seasons in total during two years. Similar results from path analysis were obtained for plants grown in different crop seasons. Firstly, ear weight was largely depended on yield components, yet kernel weight was less affected by yield components. Secondly, the agronomic characters measured from the early growing stages had lesser influence on ear weight than on kernel weight. Thirdly, compensation effect existed between days to tasseling and days to silking, but varied among different crop seasons and different ear and kernel characters. Results of path analysis suggest that selection for greater, longer and thicker ears and for longer kernels with greater 100-kernel weights would be beneficial to increase the kernel weight of TNW population. Such information may be useful for future research on cultivation practices and breeding for improving TNW population.

並列關鍵字

Tainan-white maize ； Seasonal variation ； Yield components ； Characters in the early growing stages ； Path analysis

國際替代計量

臺南白玉米族群於不同季節下各農藝性狀對產量的影響路徑分析

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