臺灣西南部地區之降雨分佈特性

The Characteristics of Rainfall Distribution in Southwest Area of Taiwan

徐森雄(Sen-Hsiung Hsu) ； 王香云(Shiang-Yun Wang) ； 朱芷萱(Jyy-Shiuan Ju) ； 孫沛瑜(Pey-Yu Suen)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 3卷1期 (2006/03) Pp. 9-19

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.200603.0002

摘要

本研究選取臺灣西南部地區臺南縣市、高雄縣市、屏東縣市共62個氣象測站，以1999年至2002年之日降雨資料分析不同氣象條件下，在臺灣西南部地區之實際降雨分布狀態，得悉冬季冷鋒過境所造成之降雨分佈較均勻，各測站差異不大，但至5～6月受鋒面影響之梅雨，各站差距逐漸加大。初夏的雷雨以山區的雨量為最多，平地次之，沿海地區最少。而夏季之颱風，帶來豪雨，雨量分佈與颱風行徑路線關係密不可分。西南氣流造成之地形雨，雨量於山區較多，沿海地區較少。年平均降雨分佈，因臺灣山脈之迎風坡易有地形性降雨，山區降雨量偏高，而臨海平地偏低。

關鍵字

降雨分佈 ； 地形雨 ； 雷雨 ； 鋒面雨 ； 颱風雨

並列摘要

This study selected 62 meteorological stations in the southwest area of Taiwan-including Tainan, Kaohsiung and Pingtung counties. The daily rainfall data from 1999 to 2002 was obtained for analysis of rainfall distribution and characteristics. According to differing meteorological phenomenon, the four types of characteristics of rainfall distribution in the southwest area of Taiwan can be summarized as follows: (1) Frontal rain occurred from autumn to spring. The geographical difference of rainfall shows more homogeneously than other types. But during the Mei-yu (Chinese)/Baiu (Japanese)/Plum (English) rainy season, from May to June, clear geographical differences appear. (2) Convectional rain always accompanied thunder, known as thunder storm, and occurred in the summer season. This was more prevalent in the mountain areas than on level land. (3) 80% of typhoon rain occurred during the summer season. Its geographical distribution, as closely tracked by a typhoon tracking system, showed the rainfall in mountain areas to be heavier than on level land. (4) Topographical rain occurred in the southwest directional of mountain areas. This was almost direct proportional to annual rainfall distribution.

並列關鍵字

Rainfall distribution ； Orographical rain ； Thunder storm rain ； Frontal rain ； Typhoon rain