全球溫暖化趨勢對臺灣地區溫室氣體排放量之影響

Impact of Global Warming Trend on Greenhouse Gases Emission in Taiwan

姚銘輝(Ming-Hwi Yao) ； 陳守泓(Shou-Hung Chen)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 5卷1期 (2008/03) Pp. 52-59

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.200803.0005

摘要

農業對溫室效應氣體扮演來源及積存雙重角色，主要包括二氧化碳、甲烷及氧化亞氮等三種氣體。農業溫室氣體的排放對於全球暖化具有一定影響。在臺灣，農業部門排放的甲烷及氧化亞氮分別各佔國內的16%及87%，而由於農田逸釋大量溫室氣體，因此農田是溫室氣體減量的重要目標。近年來有許多研究致力於探討土壤碳封存能力，期望能減緩大氣溫室氣體增加的速度。除此之外，和嘗試改善肥料管理和降低化學氮肥的施用，以增加氮肥使用效率，甚至推廣有機農業禁用化學肥料，以減少氧化亞氮的排放。又改善稻田水分管理也可減少甲烷的排放，惟目前關於臺灣農田溫室氣體排放資料甚少，需有更多的研究來瞭解耕犁、耕作制度及肥料等問題間的交感，並釐清土壤有機碳封存和溫室氣體排放之關係。

關鍵字

溫室氣體 ； 碳封存 ； 全球暖化

並列摘要

Agriculture plays an important role as the source and sink of greenhouse gases which include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions significantly contribute to global warming. Roughly 16 and 87% of the total national emission of CH4 and N2O, respectively, are attributed to agriculture practices. Quite a few of greenhouse gases evolved from cultivated cropland so that croplands are considered targets for GHGs mitigation. Recently much effort has been spend on the evaluation of soil carbon sequestration potential as a measure to temporarily reduce the increasing rate of atmospheric GHGs. Improved fertilizer management and chemical nitrogen use are found to increase nitrogen use efficiency. The practice of organic agriculture can reduce the emission of N2O, and apply of an improved paddy water management can reduce emissions of CH4. At present, there are few data on GHG emission from cropland in Taiwan, suggesting the need of further research on understanding the interactions of tillage, cropping system and fertilization upon soil organic carbon sequestration and GHG emission.

並列關鍵字

Greenhouse gas ； Global warming ； Carbon sequestration