木賊葉木麻黃之國際種原於成熟齡級形態變異

Morphological Variation of Mature Trees of Casuarinas equisetifolia Native in Taiwan

邱耀德(Yao-Te Chiu) ； 何坤益(Kuen-Yih Ho)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 8卷4期 (2011/12) Pp. 229-241

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.201112.0003

摘要

本研究自行政院農委會林業試驗所位於雲林縣四湖濱海地區經營之19年生木賊葉木麻黃（Casuarina equisetifolia Forst＆Forst）國際種原試驗區，調查其所栽植之28個國際種原，依澳洲CSIRO所提供之形態評估方法，量測其生長、幹型、永存性枝條（側枝）等形態與存活率，藉以探討其種原成熟齡級階段適應之差異。形態性狀之歸群分析所得之樹形圖，在距離係數11.04處可將種源歸類9群，亞洲引進種原表現關係密切之集群現象，澳洲與太平洋天然分布之種原則無集結成群之密切關係。這可能與其原產地區島嶼間地理環境阻隔，無法進行遺傳基因之交流有關，由於島嶼的隔離現象導致形態較大的變異；這現象在形態性狀矩陣與地理距離矩陣及緯度距離矩陣所進行關聯度測驗，所得之無顯著性相關而獲得印證，顯然其性狀並不會因為地理或緯度差異有所影響。因此，成熟齡級之各種原變異之多樣性具有育種選拔之特性。各項性狀數據經變異分析，皆具有顯著性差異。研究發現若以樹高、幹型及存活率作為生長適應較佳之評估，則可選出巴布亞新幾內亞12號種原、菲律賓13號種原與菲律賓23號種原為臺灣雲林濱海生長適應優良之種原。

關鍵字

木賊葉木麻黃 ； 種原試驗

並列摘要

This study investigated 28 introduced accessions/provenances planted in the 19 year-old Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Forst. International Provenance trial area of Taiwan Forest Research Institute was located at the coastal site of Sihhu Township, Yunlin Hsien. The morphological assessment method used by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) of Australia was adopted, and plant growth, stem form, permanent branch and survival rate were measured so as to study the differences in different mature stages among accessions. As indicated in the tree map from clustering analysis, these accessions can be classified into 9 groups at distance coefficient of 11.04. The accessions introduced from Asia were closely related, while no clustering relationship observed in accessions collected from Australia and Pacific regions. This may be due to isolation effect imposed by islands forming a barrier to prevent genetic exchange and resulted in a large morphological variation. Such a phenomenon is supported by the results of correlation matrices of morphological characters, geographical distance, and latitudinal distance. All showed no significant difference. Apparently, tree characters will not be affected by the differences in geography or latitude, and hence the diversified features observed at mature stage may be selected for breeding purpose. These selected features showed significantly different in analysis of variance (ANOVA). By using tree height, stem form and survival rate as criteria of better growth adaptation, No.12 from Papua New Guinea and No.13 and No.23 from Philippines are considered as superior germplasm adapted to coastal region of Yunlin Hsien in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Casuarina equisetifolia ； Provenance trial