木賊葉木麻黃13年生原生種源在台灣形態變異之研究

Morphological Variation of Natural Provenances of 13-Yr-Old Casuarina Equisetifolia Forst.& Forst in Taiwan

何坤益(Kuen-Yih Ho) ； 韋樹德(Shu-De Wei)

《中華林學季刊》 39卷4期 (2006/12) Pp. 437-448

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200612.0002

摘要

自雲林四湖濱海地區林業試驗所經營之13年生木賊葉木麻黃國際種源試驗區選取12種原生種源，依澳洲CSIRO所提供之形態評估方法，量測及評估生長與形態的性狀，藉以探討其種源適應之差異。各項性狀數據經變異分析，除側枝長度及落葉性接合小枝之長度、粗細度等性狀無顯著差異外，其餘8種性狀均有顯著差異。就12種原生種源之生長與形態性狀與地理、緯度進行相關性測驗，結果種源在本地之適應性狀與引種地理距離、緯度之差異並未達顯著水準。雖然木賊葉木麻黃之天然分布非常廣泛，然而原生族群受到海洋阻隔，並非呈廣大連續型之分布，以致於形成不盡相同的族群結構與適應型式，也因此造成種源間形態呈現顯著差異，且為非連續性變異。在本試驗獲得較具體的資料顯示木賊葉木麻黃擁有廣大種源間之遺傳變異特性，如利用種源試驗結果作為育林改良工作的基礎，拓展對海岸環境逆壓的適應性，將是良好的育種策略。

關鍵字

木賊葉木麻黃 ； 形態性狀 ； 適應性 ； 原生種源 ； 歸群分析

並列摘要

Variations in 11 items of growth and morphological characteristics (by: assessment manual. CSIRO) of 13-yr-old Casuarina equisetifolia were evaluated from 12 native provenances planted in the Szehu-coastal area of the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute. Highly significant differences (p＜0.001) were found in 8 characteristics among provenances but not for permanent branch of length, deciduous branch of length, and thickness. Based on our mantel test, correlation coefficients among growth traits of provenances were nonsignificant, which might have been influenced by the geographical distribution, latitude, and elevation of the provenances. C. equisetifolia has wide natural distribution range. Different population structures and adaptation patterns are formed because native provenances have been isolated by the ocean and therefore not distributed continuously. Therefore, the growth performances of different provenances vary notably, and the variation is discontinuous. Since there is a genetic variance among provenances, it would be a good planting strategy to use the result of provenance test as a foundation for further tasks of improving, the adaptability to a particular coastal environment.

並列關鍵字

Casuarina equisetifolia ； Morphological characteristics adaptability ； Native provenances