不同基因型與環境對毛豆鮮籽粒異黃酮含量的影響

Influence of Genotype and Environment on Isoflavone Contents in Fresh Seeds of Vegetable Soybean

周國隆(Kuo-Lung Chou) ； 劉啓東(Chii-Dong Liu) ； 李瑞興(Ruey-Shing Lee) ； 李穎宏(Yiing-Hong Lee)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 10卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 123-130

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.201306_10(2).0004

摘要

本研究主要探討毛豆異黃酮種類及含量在不同基因型、環境及其交感作用之變異，作為日後毛豆育種及開發機能性產品之參考。21個參試品種（系）在8個環境下種植，其試驗結果顯示，毛豆鮮籽粒的異黃酮種類，在12種異黃酮類別中以含有醣基之daidzin、genistin、glycitin、malonyldaidzin、malonylgenistin、malonylglycitin等6種為主，占異黃酮總量的93.7-97.2%異黃酮總量變異在基因型、環境及其交感效應均呈顯著性差異，其變異成分主要受基因型及環境主效應的影響，各占總變異的32.9%及48.4%，其中環境效應又以年期主效應影響最大，占總變異的44.7%。在21個品種（系）中，TNS1及KHS1兩品種含有較高的異黃酮總量，而秋作栽培異黃酮總量則較春作栽培高95.9%。由於毛豆在高屏地區春、秋兩作的栽培環境完全呈正反的變化，不易育成適合兩期作栽培之高異黃酮含量品種，因此在育種選拔上建議採用分季選拔，育成適合各期作的專用品種。

關鍵字

毛豆 ； 異黃酮 ； 基因型 ； 環境 ； 交感作用

並列摘要

This study investigated changes in types and contents of isoflavone in fresh seeds of vegetable soybean of different genotypes and growth environments and their interactions so as to help developing new cultivars and functional products. By planting seeds of twenty-one genotypes in eight growth environments, results showed that in fresh seeds of vegetable soybean, daidzin, genistin, glycitin, 6”-O-malonyldaidzin, 6”-Omalonyl- genistin and 6”-O-Malonylglycitin were the major types of isoflavone found, accounting for 93.7 to 97.2% of total isoflavone contents. Variation of total isoflavone contents was significantly different in genotypes, growth environments and their interactions. The main components of variance were genotype and environment, occupying 32.9% and 48.4% of total variation, respectively. Of the factors 'year (Y)' and 'season (S)', Y was the primary factor for growth environment, with 44.7% of total variation. Total isoflavone contents in fresh seeds harvested from fall crop were higher by 95.9% than that of spring crop. Among the examined twenty-one genotypes, cultivars 'TNS1' and 'KHS1' had the highest isoflavone contents. Results suggest that it is not feasible to breed a specific variety containing high isoflavone contents in both spring and fall crops due to the opposite weather conditions during season. The best policy would be to develop specific variety separately for different cropping seasons.

並列關鍵字

Vegetable soybean ； Isoflavone ； Genotype ； Growth environment ； Interaction