- 期刊
利用有限氣象參數評估蒍發散量之研究
Using Limited Weather Data to Estimate Evapotranspiration
摘要
蒸發散量（evapotranspiration; ET）是水文循環基本要素之一，在水資源評估與管理上是相當重要的因子。在國際上，常使用Penman-Monteith法來推估蒸發散量，然而此法會需要用到溫度、輻射量、相對濕度及風速等多種氣象參數，而氣象站的建置與維護需要經費的維持，本研究利用有限或單一的氣象參數推估蒸發散量。本研究主要目的有：（1）利用Penman-Monteith法推估蒸發散量，比較在不同氣象參數缺漏的情況下，使用FAO公布的經驗式替代；（2）選用以輻射量與溫度為主的方法，與Penman-Monteith法做比較，進行推估蒸發散量，討論在研究地區之適用性。本研究以臺南氣象站為研究區域，選用Penman-Monteith法與6種以輻射量為主之估算式，分別為Makkink（1957）、Turc（1961）、Jensen-Haise（1963）、Priestley-Taylor（1972）、Doorenbos-Pruit（1977）及Abtew（1996）等。另外4種以溫度為主之估算式，分別為Thomthwaite（1948）、Blaney-Criddle（1959）、Hamon（1961）及Linacre（1977）等方法來推估蒸發散量並比較其差異性。本研究結果顯示，當風速資料缺漏或是不足時，對於使用Penman-Monteith法推估蒸發散量影響不大。本試驗臺南氣象站資料之輻射量估算法以Turc（1961）評估結果最好，溫度估算法以Linacre（1977）法評估結果最好，整體而言，輻射量估算法皆比溫度估算法評估更準確。
並列摘要
Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the basic elements of the hydrological cycle. The Penman-Monteith method is the globally widespread approach for evapotranspiration estimation. However, this method requires a variety of meteorological parameters, such as temperature, radiation, relative humidity and wind speed, etc. Besides, it needs to have a microclimate/weather station and provide necessary maintenance. Therefore, the study was to use limited or single meteorological parameters to estimate evapotranspiration using data collected at Tainan weather station, Taiwan. The objectives of the study included: (1) using FAO Penman-Monteith replacing experience function to estimate evapotranspiration when some meteorological parameters are missing; and (2) using 6 radiation-based and 4 temperature-based approaches to estimate evapotranspiration and then compared the results with the Penman-Monteith method and discussed the applicability of the study region. Results showed that without wind speed data, there was little effects for using the Penman-Monteith method to estimate evapotranspiration. The best performance of the radiation-based method was Turc (1961), while the best performance of the temperature-based method was Linacre (1977). On the whole, the radiation-based methods are more accurate than the temperature-based methods.
延伸閱讀
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