栽植地區與催花期對鳳梨‘台農17號’果實發育及品質之影響

Effects of Planting Location and Flower Forcing on Fruit Development and Quality in 'Tainung No. 17' Pineapples

蔡惠文(Hui-Wen Tsai) ； 唐佳惠(Chia-Hui Tang) ； 官青杉(Ching-Shan Kuan)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 14卷3期 (2017/09) Pp. 153-163

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.201709_14(3).0002

摘要

鳳梨生育與品質除受栽培管理技術影響外，亦受到氣候環境的影響，既有的研究著重在催花期控制以調控果實發育，新的栽培管理技術需考量栽植地區以及溫度的影響。本研究探討鳳梨‘台農17號’在不同栽植地區的生育情形，於2010年3月種植分別栽植於屏東及嘉義試區，並在2010年9月、11月進行催花作業(處理組)，以不進行催花處理之自然抽穗者為對照。結果顯示，果實各階段的生育天數及果實品質均受溫度影響，且隨著溫度的下降，生育日數隨之延長；在果實品質上，尤以可滴定酸含量受季節溫度變化影響較大，可溶性固形物含量則較不受溫度影響；於9月催花處理者，生產春果，果實重量介於1082.4-1263.2g，果實可滴定酸較高，為0.65-0.74，糖酸比低；於11月催花者，生產夏果，果實重量介於1281.2-1442.5g，果實酸度低為0.35-0.45，糖酸比高。因此，在屏東產區春植，在9-10月催花生產之春果；而嘉義產區於11-12月催花生產之夏果為最佳品質之果品。

關鍵字

溫度 ； 日積溫 ； 雨量 ； 可溶性固形物 ； 可滴定酸

並列摘要

The growth and ripening of pineapples are effected by plantation management and locations that should adapt to the local climate. In consequence, an innovative pineapple plantation management or technique should be applied for a new flower forcing control scheme according to the locations and temperature variations. The objective of this study is to localize the plantation management scheme for the 'Tainung No.17' pineapple variety. Seedlings were planted in Pingtung and Chiayi in March, respectively 2010. Flower forcing was operated in September and November, 2011. Results show that temperature is a dominant factor influence the days of fruit development and the quality of fruit produce. The number of fruit development days increased as a result of decreasing temperature. The content of titratable acidity in fruit was significantly influenced by seasonal temperature variation. The impact of temperature variation on the content of total soluble solids was no significant. The plants treated with flower forcing in September can be harvested in the next spring with a fruit weight of 1082.4-1263.2 g, a higher titratable acidity of 0.65- 0.74, and a lower sugar-acidity ratio. In conclusions, seedlings planted in spring should be operated with flower forcing in September or October in Pingtung for early harvest in the next spring with a good quality; however, seedlings should be flower frocing in November or December in Chiayi for harvest in the next summer.

並列關鍵字

Temperature ； Cumulative temperature ； Rainfall ； Total soluble solids ； Titratable acidity