作物基因編輯的發展與前景

遺傳變異是作物育種改良的基礎，過去數百年來，人類不斷的從天然變異族群中選拔優良品系，並持續透過雜交育種、突變育種、轉基因等方法，育出優良性狀的新品種。新型作物育種技術的持續發展，不僅影響作物育種的速度與成果，也對糧食生產有高度影響。面對全球人口持續增加、及不可預測的激烈氣候變遷，更凸顯開發更高效率育種技術的必要性，以確保糧食的生產量。過去十幾年來，基因編輯技術在作物改良的應用急速發展，此技術具有簡單、便宜、精準、不含有轉基因，因而為加速作物的精準育種提供了可靠的途徑，被視為是革命性的新型加速育種技術。本文針對可編輯（或可客製化）的基因編輯技術近年發展與應用作一論述，並討論基因編輯技術的優點與未來的挑戰。

關鍵字

遺傳變異；作物育種；基因編輯

並列摘要

Genetic variation is the basis of crop breeding. Over the past centuries, crop varieties originated through selection of natural variants during early human civilization. Several approaches such as hybridization breeding, mutation breeding, and transgenic breeding have also been applied to develop new crops with novel traits. The progress made in these breeding technologies has had a great impact on crop breeding as well as on our lives. However, with the continuously growing population and unpredictable dramatic climate changes, development of new technologies is necessary to secure crop production. In last decade, the gene-editing technology has been rapidly applied for crop improvement. Gene-editing technology is cheap, easy, precise, and generates gene-edited non-transgenic plants thereby gradually becomes a reliable technique to facilitate precision breeding in crops. Here, we summarize the development and application of the programmable gene editing technologies and the latest research progress. The advantages and challenges of genome-editing technologies in crop breeding are also discussed.

並列關鍵字

Genetic variation ； Crop breeding ； Gene editing

國際替代計量

作物基因編輯的發展與前景

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