端午之源起與歲食飲食

A Discussion from the Dragon Boat Festival to Diet by the Season

俞美霞(Mei-Hsia Yu)

《人文集刊》 1期 (2003/04) Pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.29470/JH.200304.0001

摘要

民俗是人們生活習尚的經驗累積，無論是貴族或平民，在長久風俗的薰陶下，都不可或免地會遵循一些古老的思想傳承，約定成俗，並成為人們生活中行為的重要指標與規範，而在這些習尚中，又以歲時節慶的淵源最為長久，對人們生活的影響也最為深遠。歲時節慶的習俗最早見於《禮記．月令》的記載，這是農業社會中人們在節氣交替、陰陽違和的狀態下，所衍生出來的生活智慧，因此，唯有妥善「養生」並「遵月令」，才是長生或延續種族的因應之道。尤其是「端午」，今日多崇尚食棕、懸艾、競波等活動，世人也習以為常，並認為是紀念屈原而設；事實上，據文獻所載，「重五」源起於「遵月令」之旨，食粽、懸艾也祇是為禳毒去惡以養生而已！然而後人不察，甚或因陋就習，本文是以不辭羅縷，多方考證，以便正本清源，從而樹立歲時民俗正確的態度與觀念。

關鍵字

歲時民俗 ； 禮俗 ； 端午 ； 角黍 ； 糯米

並列摘要

Customs are the accumulation of life experiences. No matter a noble or a civilian usually follows ancient thoughts inherited due to the prolonged influences of life experiences received from generation to generation. These life experiences gradually become life habits or customs, which are also the important index or standard in one's social behavior. In these customs, festivals by the season are the most enduring and influential.The earliest record of festivals by the season is documented in Rites. In the agricultural society, people derived wisdom from the experiences during season exchange and Yin Yang inharmoniousness. People, therefore, knew the only course to continue race's existence was to properly preserve one's health and also abide by Yue Ling.The Dragon Boat Festival is a good example. People like to eat rice tamale, hang Chinese mugwort and race boat in the festival. These activities are normally considered to commemorate Qu Yuan. However, Chong Wu was originated from the abidance of Yue Ling. And the eating of rice tamale and the hanging of Chinese mugwort was to eliminate evil things in order to preserve life. The purpose of this article is to clarify the misunderstanding by extensive document research so that the accurate attitude and concept to the folk customs in a year can be established.

並列關鍵字

Folk customs in a year ； rites ； the Dragon Boat Festival ； millet ； glutinous rice