客家民俗節慶的蛻變：以臺中東勢新丁粄節為例

Changes in Hakka Traditional Festivals A Case Study of the Xindingban Festival of Dongshih, Taichung County

魏瑞伸(Jui-shen Wei)

指導教授 ： 周錦宏

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家研究碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本文透過參與觀察及非結構式訪談，及以問卷調查方式，對於東勢新丁粄節活動作脈絡式的研究，研究設計以東勢新丁粄文化歷史進化軌跡及傳統與現代的轉化為主。
論文共分五章，第一章導論，敘明本研究的研究動機與目的，並對於研究的方法、架構、研究範圍及研究所遭遇的限制作概要性的敘述。第二章文獻探討，本文從有限的文獻中，應證東勢新丁粄節慶文化的歷史進化過程，探討新丁粄文化與當地區域祭祀圈的連結關係。第三章論述「新丁會」的祭祀組織，及趣味性的「賽丁粄」活動；從早期、中期到後期，從傳統到現代作一完整敘述。第四章則論述傳統的地方節慶活動，在公部門政策引導下，主導地方活動的進行，透過實證調查來分析，分別從文化、社群、經濟、政策各項層面，剖析東勢新丁粄的變與不變。第五章則對本文作一個總結與建議。
研究發現，東勢新丁粄節從傳統到現代的歷史轉變當中在文化層面上，仍保留純樸的敬天地、崇自然、重人倫的精神。社群層面上則顯示出本項民俗已由個人領域走入社群的共同參與。經濟層面上，活動在知名度的提升後，所帶來的人潮商機，讓當地產業經濟明顯活絡。在政策層面上，因為公部門的參與及重視，讓客家文化與產業聯結，在地資源與傳統資產，藉由文化經濟發展的概念，透過具體商品行銷與意義的論述，呈現客家文化符號建構與體驗，但同時也因為民主社會的蓬勃發展，導致文化節慶活動的現場成為政治人物的宣傳舞台。

關鍵字

政策行銷 ； 賽丁粄 ； 祭祀圈 ； 新丁會 ； 儀式

並列摘要

This paper aims to study the development of the Xindingban Festival of Dongshih District through various methods, such as participant observation, unstructured interviews, and questionnaires. The study focuses on tracing the cultural history of the Xindingban Festival and investigating the changes from traditional times to modern times.

This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter includes an introduction, describes the motive and purpose, and summarizes the methodology, structure, scope, and limits of the study. The literature review of the second chapter traces the cultural history of Xindingban Festival through limited literatures of the past and discusses the link between the local ritual spheres and the festival. The third chapter discusses the organization of the Xindinghui and the event of Saidingban, a competition in which participants compete to make the biggest ban, a traditional Hakka rice cake. The chapter records in detail the changes of the festival from traditional times to the modern times, through the initial, middle and late periods. The fourth chapter elaborates the role that government agencies play in guiding and promoting local activities and analyzes both the changing and constant features of the Xindingban Festival from the perspectives of culture, community, economy and governmental policy. The fifth chapter includes the conclusion and suggestions for future research.

This study unveils that from a cultural perspective, despite changes in the Xindingban Festival as it transitioned from a more traditional past to modern times, what has remained unchanged are the people’s simple and pure reverence for heaven and earth, a worshipping nature, and a humanistic spirit. From the perspective of community, this custom has already moved from an individualistic realm into a more communal sphere of participation. Economically, after the festival gained more publicity and recognition, it brought more business opportunities and drew more people to the event, allowing local industries to grow and prosper substantially. In terms of government policy, with the involvement of government agencies, Hakka culture was able to make a connection with various industries, thus making use of local resources and traditional assets through concepts of cultural and economic development. Through discourses surrounding the marketing and meaning of specific products, symbols of Hakka culture are established and experienced; however, due to the prospering development of a democratic society, cultural festivals and events have become a place for politicians to spread their political agenda.

並列關鍵字

ceremony ； Xingdinghui ； policy marketing ； Saidingban ； ritual sphere

參考文獻

許嘉明，1975（彰化平原福佬客的地域組織），《中央研究院民族學研究所集刊》，第36期 :頁165－190 。

俞美霞，2003（端午之源起與歲時飲食），《人文集刊創刊號》，頁1－18，臺北大學人文學院。

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