- 期刊
園林道場─白居易的安閒養生觀念與實踐
Garden Monastery-Bai Juyi's Concept and Practice of Health Preservation in the Garden
摘要
白居易是一位生命意識非常強烈的詩人。他不但如同文學傳統中大部分的詩人般，時常感傷生命脆弱苦短，而且更具體地時常處在憂懼自己會夭亡的焦慮之中。這種與時俱在的習慣性不安全感，使他在生命的保養照護上特別用心。白居易的養生以佛法為核心，開展出來的觀念主要有「心身養生觀」與「安閒理論」。心身養生觀認為心理狀態對身體的健康具有決定性的影響，安閒理論則認為安閒的身心可以安神養氣，可以治病去疾。而且他進一步認為，身閒與心閒、境閒之間可以互相生發、轉化與結合。而實踐安閒理論的最佳場域則是園林，園林以其美景、幽境與道場的三個內容，分別提供了身體安適、心理安頓與空性契道等三層次的安閒。而具體落實的園林安閒養生生活內容，則主要有飽眠高臥、散步閒行、規律作息、彈琴應道、談笑逸樂與禪修契道。在實質的養生實踐上，白居易確實努力地實踐著；但在心境上，他不忘學佛的核心價值，時常提醒自己隨順自然，無所執著，達到養生而無生的境地。本文共分六節：一、衰病憂死與養生意識，二、以佛法為核心的心身論與安閒理論，三、「境─心─身」合一的安閒養生場域──園林道場，四、與園林道場密切結合的安閒養生活動，五、隨順自然──養生而無生，六、結論。
並列摘要
Bai Juyi is a poet with very strong life consciousness. He is not only like many poets described in the literary tradition who always feel sad about the weakness and painful shortness of life, but also often in deep fear and anxiety about his early death. The continual sense of insecurity makes him put more efforts on preserving his own health.This paper is organized into six sections. Section one describes Bai Juyi's consciousness on weakness, illness, worries on death and health preservation. Section two describes Bai Juyi's Buddhism-based perspective on mind, body, and relaxation. Section tree presents the garden monastery, a place for relaxation and health preservation under the unification of surroundings, mind and body. Section four discusses the relaxation and health preservation activities that often are held in the garden monastery. Section five discusses the concept of living along with the nature's rules so that preserving one's health leads to no worries on his/her own life. Finally, section six concludes this paper.